Summary
This report analyses social and economic factors such as, risk of poverty, employment rate and population completed at least upper secondary education. In this report you can find summary of the data, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis, which shows that poverty has a small negative relationship with employment rate and negative relationship with education. Thus, this means if countries would increase employment rate and increase number of people who finish secondary education they would be able to reduce poverty level in the countries.
Introduction
One of the contemporary challenges facing policy makers is the incidence and spatial concentration of poverty. The multiple dimensions of poverty includes: levels of employment, education, incidence of poor health, poverty levels, and macroeconomic conditions. In this report we will examine two of them: employment rate and education to find out if countries can reduce poverty level by increasing employment rate and increasing number of people who finish at least upper secondary education. Moreover, we will find out what is more important to increase employment rate or increase number of people who finish secondary education to decrease poverty level in the countries. To find out all these things we will summarise the information, using descriptive statistics, test relationship between the variables using correlation and regression which will answer our questions.
Sources
All the data for this report was taken from the leading provider of high quality statistics on Europe - Eurostat. Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union situated in Luxembourg. Its task is to provide the European Union with statistics at European level that enable comparisons between countries and regions (Eurostat).
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion- measure people those living in conditions severely constrained by a lack of resources or a person whose household income per consumption unit is less than 60 per cent of the median income is considered living at of poverty (Stat 2013). However, there are couple problems with this measure. First, these measures do not identify some groups, for instance, people living in institutions, homeless people or migrants. Second, it is difficult to compare between countries on the basis of deprivation indicators, for instance, having a warm coat can be necessary in one country there is cold but not necessary where is warm weather (Eapn). Data is for 2011.
Employment rate is the number of individuals aged 20 to 64 who are employed as a proportion of the population. However, there are couple problems with this measure.
One of the main causes of poverty is the lack of education. The U.S. education system denies students in poverty the opportunities and access it affords to most other students. Without good education, most people would encounter challenges in finding income-generating work, especially when there are few employment opportunities during an economic downturn.
Education has been historically considered as an equalizer of society in America, allowing the opportunity for even the disadvantaged to reach success. Race was once the strongest factor in determining future achievement, but today Stanford Sociologist, Sean F. Reardon, says income level has become more consequential (Tavernise). President Barack Obama was one of the lucky few able to overcome the obstacles he faced growing up being both African American and underprivileged, but most children are not as lucky (Rampton , Nawaguna). In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, by Rebecca Skloot, the Lacks family lived in poverty and struggled to perform well in school, resulting in many of them dropping out even before high school (Skloot). The success gap between high and low income students in the U.S. has increased significantly in recent years (McGlynn). The educational achievement of students is significantly affected by their home life, and those living in poverty are much more likely to fall behind academically than children coming from affluent families.
The article, “Education, poverty and schooling: a study of delhi slum dwellers”, highlights that “education positively influences poverty reduction, while poverty, or low income, adversely affects the quality and quantity of education”. This model is very much apparent in Jackie’s life. As she lacked formal education in the early stages of her life, she remained in the cycle of poverty even into her adulthood. Without the knowledge of how to change things and the inability of doing so, it is very much difficult, if not impossible, for her to get out of this infinite
The question “Why is there so much poverty in the United States?” has such a broad spectrum of issues. There is no simple cure or single cause of poverty. According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, “the 2011 Poverty Guidelines are $10,890 for a single member household and $22,350 for a family of four” (par 13). In addition, “families’ incomes that fall below the threshold given, means that every individual in the household are considered to be in poverty” (par 13). Poverty is too complex an issue to be the result of just one problem, but we can narrow down the subject, to show the effects of how the lack of education can diminish our countries resources and how that has a ripple effect on future generations. Without an education, people receive lower pay; there is an increased rate of crime, and a higher reliance on state and federal aid, which is draining economically.
...onditions in an inner-city or a rural community in the United States” (8). Most of the countries in Africa there are well over 50% of people below their poverty line. For an example, Lusted states, “In developing regions, extreme poverty is usually defined as earning less than $1.25 a day. In the United States, extreme poverty means earning less than half of the official poverty line” (10). But Africa isn’t the only country struggling with poor people. Poverty and Homelessness by Merino writes, “...3.7 percent in Denmark, 5 percent in Finland, 5.5 percent in Norway, 6.9 in Slovenia, 7 percent in Sweden, 7.2 percent [in] Hungary, 8.3 percent in Germany, 8.8 percent in the Czech Republic, 9.3 percent in France, 9.4 percent in Switzerland” (32). Poverty is a struggle all around the world and thousands of people die each day due to the lack of basic necessities to live.
Poverty affects the youth in different ways whereby it has put them at risk for academic and so-cial problems as well as poor health and well-being, which can have adverse effects on educational achievement. Besides the youth, the effects of poverty are often reflected in a multitude of the vulnerable groups such as, children, women, elderly, disabled, refugees, migrants, homeless and all those others at
It is supported by the fact that, recently, Indonesia has raised education spending an attention to achieve welfare, especially for the poor people. Thus, education becomes equal towards the poor people. It is an unfortunate fact that the raising education spending has no
There are direct relationships between educational level of a country and the level of poverty in its nation. When a country has more educated people, the nation has less poverty. The benefits of higher education are multiple personally and
There are countless causes of poverty in under developed countries such as overpopulation, disease, and how the government distributes its wealth. When you have people in developing countries have far too many children than they should and don’t have the means to take care of them you get overpopulation, when you get overpopulation you get less job opportunities, and when that happens you people who can’t take care of themselves or their children. Two factors have been shown that correlate with overpopulation which is poverty and education. When you have higher education in a community you will tend to have a decrease in birth because when people get education especially in women you will have a decline in birthrates because when they get their education they usually want to get a good job. (Poverty and overpopulation).
In order for any country to survive in comparison to another developed country they must be able to grow and sustain a healthy and flourishing economy. This paper is designed to give a detailed insight of economic growth and the sectors that influence economic growth. Economic growth in a country is essential to the reduction of poverty, without such reduction; poverty would continue to increase therefore economic growth is inevitable. Through economic growth, it is also an aid in the reduction of the unemployment rate and it also helps to reduce the budget deficit of the government. Economic growth can also encourage better living standards for all it is citizens because with economic growth there are improvements in the public sectors, educational and healthcare facilities. Through economic growth social spending can also be increased without an increase of taxes.
Culture and society can be affected everywhere in the world by poverty. In addition to maintaining a low level of awareness among community members, poverty includes restricting access to service such as health, education, decision-making. Factors that contribute to poverty can be lack of community facilities such as road, transport, water, sanitation, and communications.Poverty is a social issue and deep-rooted, the solution must be a social
In recent years, one of the major concerns of economic development is the study of poverty, the income distribution and growth in the less developed countries (LDC’s) or Third World countries. Economists from all over the world have been doing researches and studies on how to induce a growth in those underdeveloped countries. However, countries differentiate in historical backgrounds, cultural believes and natural resources. As a result, the government would implement different strategies to attain a much fairer distribution of income among the society. The relationship between the income distribution and growth in the LDC’s is a significant factor that would affect government policies. Also, the study of the strategies, promoted from the government, would show us how the government can enable economic growth with a more equal income distribution.
Living in poverty exposes children to disadvantages that influence many aspects in their life that are linked to their ability to do well in school. In the United States of America there are an estimated 16.4 million children under the age of 18 living in poverty (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). “The longer a child lives in poverty, the lower the educational attainment” (Kerbo, 2012). Children who are raised in low-income households are at risk of failing out before graduating high school (Black & Engle, 2008). U.S. children living in poverty face obstacles that interfere with their educational achievement. Recognizing the problems of living in poverty can help people reduce the consequences that prevent children from reaching their educational potential.
Social issues are problems in the society today that are described as wrong, widespread and changeable. A category of conditions that people believe need to be changed. Poverty is a serious social issue in the society today. According to Peilin (2012), poverty brings hardships to families and individuals as well as political thereby negatively affecting the social stability and social development and posing a severe threat to human security (p. 243). This paper focuses on poverty as a social issue in today’s society. First, it gives a succinct introduction of the social issue, and then describes how it fits into the field of sociology. It also evaluates the sociological theories and terminology that relate to the social issue. The section that follows evaluates what is known and unknown about the particular social issue. This is followed by a discussion regarding the value of sociological research into the issue determining the available or possible practical implications of the sociological inquiry. The information presented here is strongly supported by the concepts and theories derived from reliable sources.
Regression analysis was done to see what are the factors that affect poverty. The results of the analysis