Second hand smoke Second hand smoke is a different combination of air and the smoke that comes from the cigarette and the smoke breathed out by a smoker. This happens when a non-smoker is around someone smoking, therefore, breathing in secondhand smoke. According to the various research which were done by W H O, second hand smoke have been proofed to contain more than 7000 harmful chemical and 250 of these chemicals are known to be harmful to one’s health. Diagnostic Test Used To Asses Lung Functions 1. Pulmonary function tests- this is one of the proofed tests that provide reliable feedback concerning the various functions of the lungs. Normally functioning pulmonary system operates on a quite different level to facilitate an adequate balance (Hegewald, 2010). Pulmonary functioning test in most cases helps in evaluating, capacity of air allowed in the lungs, lung volumes, rate of flow and the gas exchange. 2. Asthma tests- this is a test mostly applied at different levels of assessing lung functions. This facilitates in determining if an individual is allergic to different foods, particles or pollen. Asthma test is well applicable by combining Spirometer method that helps to measure how fast and how much air can be blown in and out of the lungs and determining the amount of air obstruction you have in your lungs (Hoffs, 2006). 3. Simple exercises testing- this is different tests performed during exercise providing overall information about fitness and appropriates Cardio respiratory responses. Percentage of Children That Live With a Smoker According to New York Times, almost one in four children at the age bracket of three to 11 years in the US lives in a various home with at least a single smoker or maybe more than one, these ... ... middle of paper ... ...eryday life and I should be able to choose which path I should have been clearly informed of the dangerous effects which are brought about by the use of drugs. Works Cited Blythe, D. (2009). Autonomy. London: BBC Books. Health effects of cigarette smoking. (2004). Atlanta, Ga.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Hoffs, T., & Ulick, M. A. (2006). The dangers of smoking. Wynnewood, PA: Schlessinger Media. Paul, E. F. (2003). Autonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sloan, F. A. (2004). The price of smoking. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Hegewald MJ, Crapo RO. Pulmonary function testing. In: Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Martin TR, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 24.
Additionally, some of the general diagnostic and pulmonary function tests are distinct in emphysema in comparison to chronic bronchitis. In the case of R.S. the arterial blood gas (ABG) values are the following: pH=7.32, PaCO2= 60mm Hg, PaO2= 50 mm Hg, HCO3- = 80mEq/L. R.S.’s laboratory findings are indicative of chronic bronchitis, where the pH and PaO2 are decreased, whereas PaCO2 and HCO3- are increased, when compare to normal indices. Based on the arterial blood gas evaluation, the physician can deduce that the increased carbon dioxide is due to the airway obstruction displayed by the hypoventilation. Furthermore the excessive mucus production in chronic bronchitis hinders proper oxygenation leading to the hypoxia. On the other hand, in emphysema the arterial blood gas values would include a low to normal PaCO2 and only a slight decrease in PaO2 which tend to occur in the later disease stages.
Ascertaining the adequacy of gaseous exchange is the major purpose of the respiratory assessment. The components of respiratory assessment comprises of rate, rhythm, quality of breathing, degree of effort, cough, skin colour, deformities and mental status (Moore, 2007). RR is a primary indicator among other components that assists health professionals to record the baseline findings of current ventilatory functions and to identify physiological respiratory deterioration. For instance, increased RR (tachypnoea) and tidal volume indicate the body’s attempt to correct hypoxaemia and hypercapnia (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). The inclusive use of a respiratory assessment on a patient could lead to numerous potential benefits. Firstly, initial findings of respiratory assessment reveals baseline data of patient’s respiratory functions. Secondly, if the patient is on respiratory medication such as salbutamol and ipratropium bromide, the respiratory assessment enables nurses to measure the effectiveness of medications and patient’s compliance towards those medications (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). Thirdly, it facilitates early identification of respiratory complications and it has the potential to reduce the risk of significant clinical
A respiratory assessment umbrella's all assessments that include the thoracic cavity as well as lungs and heart. Useful adjuncts to monitor respiratory function are arterial blood gas analysis, peak flow measurements and pulse oximetry (Hunter,
Discuss at least four different methods that can be used to diagnose asthma and the results you would expect to see in Mr. TG’s case.
Diagnosis include a pulmonary function test, a test which helps measure the lungs ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. This type of test is performed with a special machine called spirometry (Mayo Clinic, 2011). A spirometry determines how well the lungs intake, hold, and utilize the air and can even detect the severity of lung disease and determine whether the disease has decreased airflow or a disruption of airflow has occurred. Another device used is a peak flow monitor (PFM). A device that measures the speed at which an individual can blow air out of lungs (Mayo Clinic, 2011). A doctor can diagnose a patient with symptoms that correspond to emphysema, such as a cough that doesn’t go away, coughing up a large sum of mucus, shor...
Physicians typically diagnose asthma by looking for the classic symptoms: episodic problems with breathing that include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. When symptoms alone fail to establish a diagnosis of asthma, doctors may use spirometry, a test that measures airflow. By comparing a patient’s normal airflow, airflow during an attack, and airflow after the application of asthma medication, doctors determine whether the medicine improves the patient’s breathing problems. If asthma medication helps, doctors usually diagnose the condition as asthma.
A diagnosis is the first step in coming terms with effective asthma treatments. One way to test for asthma is a physical exam, which is where health professionals ask questions about signs and symptoms, and other possible health issues. Lung function tests can determine the amount of air that moves in and out as you breathe. (Mayo Clinic) Spirometry is another process that estimates the narrowing of bronchial tubes by checking how much air an individual can exhale after a deep breath and how fast the patient breathes out. Peak flow meters are a common test procedure for asthma.1 The peak flow meter is a device that measures how hard you breathe out or exhale. Lower readings on the meter shows a diminished lung capacity resulting in less effective breathing. It is generally a strong signal that an individual's asthma may be getting worse.2 These measurements are taken again after the use of bronchodilators such as Albuterol to open your airways. If the inhaler impr...
cigarettes cause health risks, but it also pose a physical risk. Some individuals reported while
The prevalent use of tobacco products among Americans is an important issue that should be brought to the surface. This issue should be raised because many of the diseases and illnesses associated with tobacco use are preventable. Most individuals are aware of the health threats associated with tobacco use, but are unable to quit. As future healthcare professionals, part of our duty is to educate the public about these health threats as well as help tobacco users quit. Throughout this paper we will inform about the various tobacco products, the effects they pose on the body, cessation options and strategies available for users, and learning outcomes.
The first main point in the article discusses the health issues associated with smoking to non-smokers and smokers. According to the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), smoking causes cancer and heart disease, and other illnesses among smokers. Furthermore, a non-smoker is affected by smoking with the same conditions. Secondhand smoke enhances asthma, bronchitis, or allergic disorders among individuals.
Second-hand smoke can also cause a variety of seriously, deadly aliments. Every year more than 3,000 deaths from lung cancer and 35,000-62,000 deaths from heart attack and respiratory tract infections are caused from breathing in second-hand smoke (“Cigarette Smoking” 2). Second-hand smoke only takes ten minutes to begin damaging the heart. Ten minutes isn't a lot of time for the amount of damage second-hand smoke can cause. In that ten minutes spent around smoke, the smell sinks into the fabric of clothes. The smell will then stay in the fabrics and other people will inhale it, including children.
Secondhand smoke, we have all heard of it and know at least one person that smokes. Throughout the history of smoking, many researchers have found that secondhand smoke is more dangerous than the actual smoking of cigarettes. Many people know that there are dangers to smoking and secondhand smoke, but many tend to avoid the advice given to them. Secondhand smoke is very harmful to people of all ages. It destroys the inside and outside of one’s body. Secondhand smoke is not only dangerous indoors but as well as outdoors. On average every year there are many death results found. As humans should want to live a healthier life and come together to prevent smoking in the future.
“OMA position paper on second-hand smoke” Nov. 1996 Ontario Medical Association. 16 March 2004 <http://www.oma.org/phealth/2ndsmoke.htm>.
Smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer. The American Lung Association says that cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 different chemicals. Many of these chemicals have been proven to be cause cancer. Many of these chemicals also affect the nonsmoker who inhales "secondhand" smoke, which makes secondhand smoke another major caus...
Second-hand smoke affects others around the smoker. Nine out of ten adults know that second-hand smoking affects children and infants. Still, they continues t...