Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes

Cells were first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665. The word “cell” was first coined by Hooke who got the term from monks who were very simple and their living quarters were called cells. There are two types of cells; prokaryote and eukaryote. The latin root “pro” is translated to primitive or before. Prokaryotes were the first cells and they contain no membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes contain ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA, and a plasma membrane, another key difference is that prokaryotes are much smaller than eukaryotes. Eukaryotes evolved much later and are also much larger. The latin root for “eu” is translated to true. Eukaryotes do contain membrane bound organelles.

Cells are small because cells work together and take on different tasks.

The name lysosome derives from the Greek words ‘lysis’, which means dissolution or destruction, and ‘soma’, which means body. They have earned the nickname the suicide sac because of its role in autolysis, or the destruction of a cell through the action of its own enzymes. Lysosomes are smallish organelles filled with digestive enzymes. They go around the cell and looks for things to digest, they then fuse with organelle/vesicle or surround it to digest. Since certain cells are only supposed to live for a certain amount of time, lysosomes help with programed cell

They look like several flatten sacs, stacked one on top of another and it’s function is to modify, package, and ship proteins for export from cell. Golgi Bodies have a shipping and receiving side; they receive things from the “cis” side and export things from the “trans” side. Vesicles are made from the Golgi Apparatus or plasma membrane and their function is to strictly to package the molecules in a cell.

Eukaryotic cells contain both smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The SER stores calcium, makes lipids, and detoxifies poisons. If you take a lot of medicine, you will end up having more SER in your liver, and if you take the same medicine over and over again, you could build up an immunity to it. The RER is where the plasma membrane is made, and where ribosomes are attached.

Ribosomes are smallest organelle and most numerous organelle. A ribosome nave no membrane, so Prokaryotes can have ribosomes. Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein. Its function is to make proteins. Ribosomes are actually made in the nucleolus. There are free-floating ribosomes that make proteins that stay inside the cell, and there’s bound ribosomes on RER that make proteins that are exported out of