2.1 Ultrafine particles and PM10 in air
Ultrafine particles can be defined as nano-sized particles which is less than 100nm. However, it is not manufactured purposely and not inevitably exist in a constant size. It is also known to be appeared by friction or combustion process, natural process in the air or water. (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2013). Besides that, ultrafine particles can be described as the smallest fraction in a scale of airborne particles with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to several nanometers. Even they are small particles in size, they are dominant contributors to particle number even it is capable to contribute little to the mass of particulate matter in ambient air. (Health Effects Institute, 2013). They are also represent about 80% of particles in terms of number concentration in an urban environment (Morawska et al., 1998). There are variety of sources of ultrafine particles. According to Cess et al (2000), the major sources of ultrafine particles is from combustion process which is comprised of vehicle emission, stationary sources fuel combustion, non-highway mobile sources such as diesel off-road vehicles, and other mixed emission from open
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The children and adults with existing medical conditions are susceptible to the adverse health effects after being exposed to high concentration of PM10 (Malborough District Council, n.d.). Besides that, there are also other researchers suggested that susceptible persons who experienced chronic lung disease, asthma or influenza are definitely sensitive to the effects of PM10 (US EPA, 2012).However, According to California Environmental Protection Agency, PM10 can reduce the body’s ability to fight infection besides of increase the severity of asthma attacks, cause bronchitis and other lung
LJI308 is a potent and selective inhibitor of RSK. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) comprises a family of serine/threonine kinase which is expressed in various human cancers. RSK is the cytosolic substrate for the ERK (extracellular sianal-regulated kinase), involved in direct regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and cell polarity. Previous studies have demonstrated that RSK pathway is important for the growth and proliferation of cancer stem cells [1,2].
Approximately four babies are born every second of the day in the world, that means that means that there are roughly 345,600 people that have the exact same birthday, including the same birth year. That makes you wonder, what the chances are that a pair of people in a room have the same birthday. With the application of the birthday paradox, also known as the birthday problem, these “chances” can be approximated.
Residents living closest to manufacturing plants and factories reap the most adverse health affect, however, hazardous air pollutants effect the ozone layer which effects everyone.
Pauley Perrette is an American actress who is most recognized for her portrayal of Abby Sciuto on the famous television series NCIS. She is also a writer and a singer and co-owns a bakery shop as well. Pauley Perrette was born on March 27, 1969, in New Orleans, Louisiana. Her family moved a lot so she was raised all over the southern United States. She studied criminal justice at the Valdosta State University and later moved to New York for further studies. She attended the John Jay College of Criminal Justice there. Pauley is of American nationality and belongs to the white ethnicity.
“In 2008, 21,000 Canadians died from the effects of air pollution.”(Geduld) Although most of these deaths are from long term exposure to the pollutants there was still “2,682 deaths caused from short term exposure.”(Geduld).“5.5 percent of cardiopulmonary (heart and lung disease related) deaths can be attributed to ground-level ozone exposure, which has increased over the past decade.” (David Suzuki Foundation)
“The Jasenovac camp was the lowest level to which mankind can fall… the most horrible place of torture in the history of man… hell on earth. It was the work of hatred, work of evil, and work of the devil himself;” as stated by a Jasenovac survivor. An estimated 83,000 people were executed in the Croatian concentration camp of Jasenovac. Victims of this camp included Jews, Serbs, Gypsies, and some Bosnian-Muslims. The Ustashe, or Ustaša, was an extreme fascist group in Croatia. Croatia worked as a puppet state to Nazi Germany while under the Ustaša regime. A puppet state is a country that is declared independent, but is actually kept in power by another country’s military force. The Ustashe started making concentration camps in the years 1941-1945
5. Health Risks Associated with Air Pollution. 2001. American Lung Association of California. Viewed October 9, 2001
The incident is related to the final assignment of PMC 210 where students have to provide solutions and recommendations for a particular case study. The team in which I was assigned, decides to do case study of Google in China. The space provided in the form is not sufficient to explain the whole incident and my justifications for the content I have submitted. Please find my answer in the next sheet of the
Ritz, Beate, and Michelle Wilhelm. "Air Pollution Impacts on Infants and Children." UCLA Institute of the Environmental and Sustainability, UCLA, www.environment.ucla.edu/reportcard/article1700.html. Accessed 17 Mar.
All of these are potential sources of increasing pollutants in the atmosphere. Urbanization and population growth causes an increase in residential burning of fuel, industrial effluents along with vehicular emission also releases pollutants in the atmosphere. Year-long air quality study showed that the concentration of particulate matter (TSP) highest in the city Lahore. In this study, aerosols samples of PM2.5 and PM10 from January 27 to January 28 were collected every sixth day. Samplers (Medium Volume Air) namely, URG Corporation, North Carolina, URG-3000 and Chapel Hill were used for 24 hours with 32 and 161PM air flow rates. Particulate matter was collected on fiber filters of quartz and which was then analyzed through the process of burning. The experimentation was done on the building in the University of Engineering and technology, Lahore. It was observed that there is a significantly higher concentration of pollutant in the atmosphere of Lahore. Even the elements which are “trace” in nature and are thought to be in lower concentrations are also abnormally in high concentration in the atmosphere of Lahore. PM¬10 contains elements like Pb which is 1.3% and Zn which is 3.3%.EPA doesn’t give any air quality guidelines for air concentrations of metals like Zn whose maximum daily concentration increases 61µgm-3. However, WHO (World Health Organization) does give some
Gasoline fueled cars produce a number of pollutants. The most damaging pollutants that come from gasoline fueled cars are particulate matter. Particulate matter is a sequence of organic materials and inorganic substances. It includes ingredients such as lint and minerals. Nitrogen dioxide, produced when fuel is burned at high temperatures, can cause damage to the lungs and cause chest pains. One might ask, “Why are Americans still driving gasoline cars?” knowing the damage that they are subject to cause. I personally maintain that the government should push people to p...
Air Pollution in Mexico City Mexico City adds an estimated one million new residents each year, resulting in one million new additions to the city’s already abominable air quality (Collins, 119). Over the span of a generation, Mexico City’s air has gone from being one of the world’s cleanest to one of the world’s most polluted, as well as the most polluted in its country. The average visibility in the city is down from almost 100 km in the 1940s to only 1.5 km today, removing the once beautiful landscape of the surrounding snow-capped volcanoes (Yip, 1). More significantly, however, Mexico City’s air problems have resulted in a notable decrease in the health of its residents, particularly its children. There are a variety of reasons for the decline in air quality, including factory emissions, suspended particles, vehicles, as well as problematic geographic hindrances.
One of the most dangerous environment issues Southern California is facing today is air pollution. This includes the burning of fossil fuels and natural disasters. Los Angeles is one of the most polluted cities in the world, and the most polluted city in the United States. I will research information about the causes, the effects, and the history of air pollution in the Los Angeles. For my research, I have relied mostly on, the school’s database and library, as well as current events.
they create many breathing and heart conditions like cancer and other threats in the body, that is why children who are exposed through air pollutants are most likely to have pneumonia and asthma.
Factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel--billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by-products into the atmosphere.