Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a rare genetic disorder with the main characteristic being that the bones break very easily, usually for no apparent reason. The major cause of osteogenesis imperfecta is a mutation in the genes that produce collagen. Collagen is the main protein that works toward the production of connective tissue. Individuals with this disorder will produce less collagen than needed, which causes the bone development to be endangered. This could result in bone deformities. There are four types of osteogenesis imperfecta, and in all four types you will see bone fragility with multiple fractures and bone deformities.
Type I of OI is the most common, comprising 70% of all cases. Bruising will occur very easily in this type. The bone fragility is considered mild to moderate, and osteoporosis will be present. In this case it is likely that multiple fractures will have occurred before the age of 5.
Type II of OI accounts for approximately 10% of all cases. OI Type II is always lethal in the fetus. This is the most severe form of OI. The ribs will be thin, there will be limited cranial and facial bone ossification, and the limbs will be short.
Type III of OI makes up 15% of all cases. This is the next in severity after Type II, and the type most known to radiologists and orthopedic surgeons. Two-thirds of these cases will have fractures at birth. There will be severe bone fragility with multiple fractures and deformity that will be progressive. Children with this type seem to have severe dwarfism due to spinal compression fractures and disturbance in growth plates.
Type IV of OI is much rarer, comprising only 5% of cases. The bones may appear normal at the time of the first...
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... law enforcement and legal counsel will be involved. It may also be necessary to contact a child psychologist or other therapist to assist.
Works Cited
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Intra articular fractures of calcaneus occurs following eccentric loading of the talus on the calcaneus.(fig 5.1) The severity, type and location of fracture are determined by the position of the foot, the direction and magnitude of applied force and quality of bone 49.
Most breaks happen before puberty.Some of the cases in regards to this careful sort present typical or close ordinary stature. Additionally some different cases may demonstrate different qualities, for example, free joints ,muscle weakness,sclera (whites of the eyes) for the most part have a blue, purple, or dark tint,triangular face.Tendency toward spinal ebb and flow might be the reason for the bone disfigurement missing or insignificant bended back shape, fragile teeth is likewise conceivable because of the shortcoming of all .
The patients chart was reviewed and a history of fractures was brought to the attention of the physician. Her fracture list includes her right clavicle, right humorous, three ribs, multiple finger and toe fractures, the left femur, and her right distal fibula. Many different diagnoses have included accident trauma, child abuse, and many bone disorders including OI. This disease effects on average one child in every 20,000 to 60,000 births each year. Suspected abuse where there is none present can lead to some damaging outcomes for all included and involved. Children with OI and their families can be protected in situations like these, and they are offered the best available
Osteoporosis is a condition, which advances with age, resulting in fragile, weak bones due to a decrease in bone mass. Externally osteoporotic bone is shaped like normal bone, however it’s internal appearance differs. Internally the bone becomes porous due to a loss in essential minerals, including phosphate and calcium. The minerals are loss more quickly than they can be replaced and in turn cause the bones to become less dense and weak. The bones become prone to fracture, due to their weakness. Therefore the awareness of the disease tends to occur after a fracture has been sustained. The bones most commonly affected are the ribs, wrist, pelvis and the vertebrae.
Osteoporosis is a very common disease that is seen worldwide. Osteoporosis is the demineralizing and break down of a person’s bones, this causes the bones to become very fragile. Osteoporosis
The syndrome is caused because of Genetic mutation that replaces connective tissues (muscles) with bones when someone gets injured instead of getting cured. This results in a new skeletal structure. Unfortunately this syndrome does not have any cure and the patients are advised to always be careful and not to fall or have any kind of traumas. They can’t engage in any sports in order to prevent any injuries. Surgery for removal of extra bones is not an option because removal of bones will lead to ingrowth of more bones. From previous cases it is seen that most of the patients suffering from this condition do not live more than 40 years and they die of respiratory
As well, they experience delays in motor development. As individual with types I and III OI age, they often develop chronic pain, breathing problems, and joint problems. Those with Type III may also develop scoliosis. Furthermore, adults may experience osteoporosis, respiratory issues, hearing loss, and vision loss. On the other hand, patients with Type III OI, experience fractures even before birth, and their fractures continue throughout their life, past puberty. They experience the same symptoms as those with Types I and IV, only worse and often cannot walk without assistance. Many patients with Type III OI experience severe respiratory problems throughout their lives and many die in childhood or adulthood due to the issues. Likewise, infants with Type II OI experience fractures before birth and experience severe respiratory issues. However, their respiratory issues are much worse and they often die in the womb or shortly after
2.Dietz. WH and Gortmacher, SL (1985) Pediatrics, 75,807-812; and Tucker, L.A. (1986) “Adolescent”, 21, 7970806.
Fractures are life-threatening to aged people having the metabolic bone disease OSTEOPOROSIS, in which bones become porous and brittle. A person, mostly women, having osteoporosis may break a hip during a fall and possibly die from complications. Birth Defects Congenital bone diseases constitute a wide spectrum, ranging from the unimportant--for instance, mild bow legs--to severe lesions, such as spina bifida, in which the lower end of the spine fails to develop properly and the baby is born with paralysis and misshapen vertebrae. Congenital diseases may have hormonal bases: for example, fibrous DYSPLASIA, in which fibrous tissue replaces that of some bones, often results in bone deformity; in addition, some girls with this disease physically mature so early that they are capable of pregnancy and childbirth at the age of seven.
Intertrochanteric fractures disable further the already incapacitated elderly patients. Intertrochanteric fractures increases the morbitity and mortality chances in elderly patients because of lack of mobility.(1,2) Intertrochanteric fractures has become a more common problem in elderly patients because of increased life expectancy and osteoporosis.(3,4)
Norvell, J. G. (2013, June 11). Tibia and Fibula Fracture Clinical Presentation. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/826304-clinical
Orthopedic surgeons are responsible for mending and operating on the musculoskeletal system. “Orthopedics is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, care, and treatment of patients with disorders of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, nerves, and skin” (Career in Orthopaedics). Depending on the damage the patient has sustained determines how the orthopedic surgeon is able to correct the patient’s injury. In many cases there are multiple ways of correcting the patient’s injury such as; using medical, physical, and rehabilitative techniques to using complex surgical methods. “Typically, as much as 50 percent of the orthopedic surgeon’s practice is devoted to no surgical or medical management of injuries or disease and 50 percent to surgical management” (Career in Orthopaedics). The majority of surgeons, including orthopedic surgeons, prefer to choose the least invasive procedures such as; arthroscopy which is a technological advancement allowing orthopedic surgeons to use special cameras in order to diagnose and treat a joint with minimal cutting and trauma to...
Iannelli, Vincent. The “Interview with a Pediatrician.” About.com. Pediatrics. September 30, 2012.
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones become so weak and brittle that even a cough can cause enough stress on the bone that it will cause the bone to facture. The most commonly broken bones are the hip, wrist, and the spine. Although it affects men and women of all races, post-menopausal Caucasian and Asian women are more commonly affected than those of other ethnicities and sexes. In fact, thirty percent of all post-menopausal women in the US and Europe will be diagnosed with Osteoporosis and at least 40 percent of those will suffer from a fracture in their lifetime.