Osteoporosis and the Effects it has on Everyday Life
Jessica Taylor
Histology- Dr. Lipka
William Carey University
Abstract: Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that occurs in people with poor bone density. This disorder can cause secondary illnesses such a fragility fractures. There are many risk factors that can cause osteoporosis, and there are preventative measures that can be used in prolonging a person’s chances of developing osteoporosis in later adulthood life. Diagnosis is easily achievable.
Osteoporosis and the Effects it has on Everyday Life
Osteoporosis is a very common disease that is seen worldwide. Osteoporosis is the demineralizing and break down of a person’s bones, this causes the bones to become very fragile. Osteoporosis
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A Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the best way to achieve the status and diagnosis of osteoporosis. The Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans the lumbar spine and the hip of a patient. These two areas are the best place in the skeleton in evaluating a patient for the measurements bone mineral density. A bone mineral density T-score is obtained from the Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, this score is compared in a database of a normal young adult of the same gender and race. A bone mineral density score is determined to be normal if the T-score is not more than one standard deviation below the young adult. Osteopenia is indicated at a bone mineral density T-score of negative one to negative two and a half standard deviation below the young adult mean value. When a bone mineral density T-score is negative two and a half standard deviation below the young adult mean value this is the indication that the patient has osteoporosis. Laboratory test can also be performed on patients to help aid in the diagnosis of osteoporosis, an increase of biochemical markers in blood and urine signifies rapid bone turnover rate and increases patients risk for a broken bone. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound is also used as a diagnostic tool that can measure bone mineral density, however, it is less accurate than the Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan …show more content…
More than two hundred million people worldwide have osteoporosis. 9.9million of those people are in the united states, and 43.1 million are at risk for developing osteoporosis due to low bone mineral density. Twice as many women are diagnosed with osteoporosis than in men. There are more than 1.5 million osteoporotic caused fractures in the us annually, of the 1.5 million fractures, 700,000 of those are spinal fractures, and 300, 000 are hip fractures, and 200,000 are wrist fractures. These osteoporotic fractures happened fifty percent in women and twenty percent in men that were greater than the age of sixty-five years of age. Mortality risk increases eight to thirty six percent of those that obtained a hip fracture and twenty percent of those require long term care facilities to assist in their everyday living. Osteoporosis is more commonly seen in women, and the ethnicity in which the disorder targets is Caucasian or Asian. Family history also increases the risk of a person obtaining osteoporosis in adulthood, especially when there was a history of osteogenesis imperfecta, or glycogen storage disease (Caple C, 2016).
Management and prevention of osteoporosis is usually easier to maintain when a person is diagnosed early. The recommendation that women approaching ages in which osteoporosis is becoming a concern whether it is due to a person’s family history or they
Osteoporosis comes from the latin word meaning “porous bone”. If you were to look closely at a bone you could see there are these small spaces on the bone which is good, now if you look at someone who suffers from osteoporosis you will see these spaces are much larger. As these spaces become larger it takes away from the strength and integrity of the bone making it grow weak and thin. Osteoporosis is most common in women over the age of 50 and gives them a higher risk of fractures and or breaks especially common in the hips. While we know osteoporosis comes from a number of things it can be broken down to age, the hormonal changes most commonly seen in menopause and a lower intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Age is the unpreventable factor that doctors or you cannot change. Hormonal changes can be fixed with supplements or hormone therapy along with ones intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Hormone therapy, estrogen alone or the combination of estrogen and progestin have been proven to prevent and aide in the treatment of osteoporosis in
There are many different diseases that can affect our skeletal system and Osteoporosis is one of them. Osteoporosis lessens bone strength and bone density (amount of bone mineral in bone tissue), which will lead to fragile bones. It mainly affect the hips, ribs, spine, and wrists. Male or female, at any age, can get this but it is mostly occurs in older women (Team, 2016). Osteoporosis is very common, there are more than 3 million cases a year. There are many causes/risk factors, symptoms, and some treatment cases. About 54 million Americans have Osteoporosis and low bone mass (Foundation, 2016).
Osteoporosis is a condition, which advances with age, resulting in fragile, weak bones due to a decrease in bone mass. Externally osteoporotic bone is shaped like normal bone, however it’s internal appearance differs. Internally the bone becomes porous due to a loss in essential minerals, including phosphate and calcium. The minerals are loss more quickly than they can be replaced and in turn cause the bones to become less dense and weak. The bones become prone to fracture, due to their weakness. Therefore the awareness of the disease tends to occur after a fracture has been sustained. The bones most commonly affected are the ribs, wrist, pelvis and the vertebrae.
Osteoporosis is a condition, in which bones are weak from deterioration, loss of bone mass, and quality-bone strength. Osteoporosis usually triggers postmenopausal women (women who have not had their period for a whole year), or older men and women. Some risks both older men and women endure when experiencing Osteoporosis are decrease of calcium and bone fractures. These symptoms or effects can all be caused by weight loss, smoking, age, ethnicity, genetics, medications, bone structure, and certain diseases that can later on contribute to Osteoporosis, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporosis may be prevented by going to drug therapy to stop alcoholism and smoking, a sufficient amount of calcium intake, and exercising; such as jogging, walking,
Osteoporosis is associated with repeated fractures, tender bones, neck and back pain, a decrease in height as well as poor posture. There is a variety of factors that contribute to the development of osteoporosis. These include a calcium deficiency, possibly due to a poor diet, aging and old age, the loss of estrogen that comes with the onset of menopause in women, as well as genetics. There are several other diseases that contribute to osteoporosis such as Cushing’s Disease and rheumatoid arthritis. There are 40 million Americans who struggle with this disease, men as well as women although women are more likely to develop it due to the loss of estrogen during and post-menopause. The estrogen loss is a major factor in bone formation. Other factors include family members who have had the disease, smoking, and being on certain medications such as prednisone.
More than 20 million people in the united states are affected by osteoporosis disease every year. Furthermore, Osteoporosis leads to about 1.5 million fractures in this country every year ("Celebrate World Osteoporosis Day, 2016). Osteoporosis is a common disease where people lose bone density faster than normal. This disease causes the bone to become weak and brittle which leads to fractures of the spine, hip, and wrist from a simple fall or even a sneeze or a cough. Osteoporosis usually does not have any symptoms and goes undetected until a fracture occurs. This silent disease can impact any gender, but it affects more women than men especially after menopause. Osteoporosis occurs when more
80% of 10 million are women 10,000 women age 65 and older found bone mass fell by approximately 5% every five years in women after age 65 (Pena, 2012). According to the National Osteoporosis foundation, two million American men have Osteoporosis and about 12 million more are at risk. Every year about 80,000 men break a hip when they do they are at a greater risk of dying of complications from their injuries as women are (Pena, 2012). Caucasian and Asian women have a higher risk then Black and Hispanic woman they have a lower risk of having Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis could appear during pregnancy during the mothers third trimester or postpartum period of a first pregnancy, but this is a rare and temporary condition. Women around the ages of 40 to 60 years old would need a systematic review to determine risk of BMD this would help them determine if the women would need a screening to decrease unnecessary testing (Fitzpatrick, 2011). Although this could happen to men this is more likely to occur with women due to menopause women should have their bone density measured before and after menopause depending on their condition. Men around the age 65 should be tested men and women with other factors such as taking certain medication should be tested earlier. Women who are obese are less likely to have
Osteoporosis is one of the main types of bone diseases that is more commonly developed in the adult years of men and women, but can also affect younger aged people too. This disease contributes to “…decrease bone mass, increased skeletal fragility, and an increased risk of fractures…” (Caple & Schub. 2014). Bones are constantly being replaced by new bone hence it is living tissue. Osteoporosis eventually occurs when new bone has failed to be developed. In Canada, “1.5 million Canadians 40 years of age or older (10%) reported having been diagnosed with osteoporosis, of which, women were 4 times more likely to report having osteoporosis than men” (“What is the impact,” 2010). Women are at greater risk then men because the hormone changes in women can affect the bone density. Estrogen is essential for bone density but after menopause the levels fall resulting in bone loss. On the other hand, the cause for men is still unknown. However, testosterone: the male hormone helps to keep bones healthy. Even though men still produce the male hormone at an old age, there is still a risk of osteoporosis because the levels have dropped. Occasionally bone loss occurs without any cause, and later realizing that it is a silent theif when you ultimately develop symptoms (“Osteoporosis – Review,” 2014). In most instances osteoporosis is preventable, even though it is not reversible and harmful disease.
Bone density generally refers to the strength of a bone and its ability to bear weight. Doing a bone density scan therefore measures a bone’s strength, its ability to bear weight, and its risk of fracture. The most common and accurate way to measure bone density is to use a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. (Medlineplus, 2014). Before the use of DEXA was introduced, osteoporosis could be determined only when a patient broke a bone, and by then, the bone may have become very weak. With a bone density scan however, it can be determined if a patient is at risk of bone fracture, or at risk of osteoporosis. The bone density scan is done with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) equipment. The DEXA technology became available for clinical use in 1987, but before then, there were the Single Photon Absorptiometry (SPA), and Dual Photon Absorptiometry (DPA), both of which are no longer in use. (Dasher, Newton, & Lenchik, 2010). The bone density scan is usually done on the following patients:
Social Determinants of health is the “conditions in which people are born, live, work and age that affect their health” Healthypeople.gov. (2017). Social Determinants of Health | Healthy People 2020. [online] Available at: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. The determinants of health are important because it helps create policies to make changes, as well as improving public health conditions by addressing the different health outcomes an individual can face and improving the need for healthier conditions. Healthy People 2020 organizes the determinants of health in both a social and physical determinant which has an impact on health.
Over the years, the social determinants of health (SDOH) have been receiving more attention due to its importance in determining peoples’ health access, health quality and health outcome. The social determinants of health have been described by various scholars as the situation or environmental condition in which people are born, or where they grow, live and work; unfortunately these conditions have continued to affect and determine people’s ability to access proper care.1-5 In other words, the SDOH continues to consciously and unconsciously influence people’s access to most opportunities in life including access to healthcare services both in developed and developing countries.2 This issues have continue to deteriorate in most developing countries increasing people’s susceptibility to multi-morbidity among different age groups, with a slight increase among the elderly.6
In every individual’s life, there are specific actions and behaviors that we conduct that are unique to ourselves as an individual. These actions and behaviors are connected to many other aspects in our life, ultimately encompassing the overall idea of a “lifestyle”. Although it is seen often as ambiguous in nature, the concept of a “lifestyle” is actually quite simple. The root of this word contains the word “style”, which is typically used to describe a specific conduct or action. However, when fixed onto the word “life”, this transitions into a more complex term. In society, an individual’s lifestyle is simply defined as the way in which that individual chooses to live their life. This includes how the individual decides to conduct their
Before television existed people had to depend on Radio stations to receive their little bit of entertainment and news. But in 1878, the invention of TV began. The first TV made didn’t look anything like the way TV’s look today. It was a mechanical camera with a large spinning disc attached to it (Kids Work). But as over the years, of course, inventions of different TV’s progressed and by the 20th century about 90 percent of our population had a TV in their household (MGHR). Television today is mainly used for people take a break from their life by relaxing and enjoying some entertainment.
There are many identifiable risk factors that are both modifiable, and non-modifiable. The gender of the patient is a major risk factor, as women are more likely to develop osteoporosis. Of the almost 50 million Americans diagnosed with osteoporosis, 80% are women. Females at any age have less bone density than males, but in the mid-30's women experience bone loss at a rate of 1% each year (Berarducci, 2008). Walker (2010) adds to the previous statistics, citing around one out of three women over the age of fifty will have a fracture related to osteoporosis, compared to one in 12 men.
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones become so weak and brittle that even a cough can cause enough stress on the bone that it will cause the bone to facture. The most commonly broken bones are the hip, wrist, and the spine. Although it affects men and women of all races, post-menopausal Caucasian and Asian women are more commonly affected than those of other ethnicities and sexes. In fact, thirty percent of all post-menopausal women in the US and Europe will be diagnosed with Osteoporosis and at least 40 percent of those will suffer from a fracture in their lifetime.