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In the article “Moral Disagreement”, Kwame Anthony Appiah discusses the issue of morality. He uses his cultural background to bring examples of what is the morality of right and wrong. Appiah’s argument is that right and wrong will vary from culture to culture. Even if someone understands a culture completely, they will always have something that they will disagree about. Morality is constantly evolving and changing, and there will always be someone who will argue against a moral concept being right. The following is a rhetorical analysis of Appiah’s credibility, tone, and audience.
Before the article, there is a summary about the author, Kwame Anthony Appiah. The summary describes things that Appiah has done, which includes writing several books and teaching at prestigious universities. The summary states: “He is the Laurence S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy at the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University, where he teaches and does research in philosophy, ethics, and identity, African and African American cultural and literary studies, and the phil...
Eugene V. Debs, the United State’s most influential union leader and avid socialist gives light to many issues including presidency, systems of society, and most importantly the unemployed in his speech “The Issue”. Debs was imprisoned in the 1890s for illegally encouraging a railroad strike, he also was sentenced to 10 years for his discouragement to the United States’ involvement in World War I. Debs has been a remarkable figure in the socialist party and had influenced so many. In Eugene Debs’ speech, Debs’ uses rhetorical appeal to relate to and convince his audience of the “issues” in the United
In 102 Minutes, Chapter 7, authors Dwyer and Flynn use ethos, logos, and pathos to appeal to the readers’ consciences, minds and hearts regarding what happened to the people inside the Twin Towers on 9/11. Of particular interest are the following uses of the three appeals.
In the "Letter from a Birmingham Jail", Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. responds to an article by eight clergymen, in which he explains the racial injustice in Birmingham, and reasons why King's organization is protesting for Civil Rights. He introduces himself and his actions at the beginning of his letter. He states that the purpose of his direct action protest is to open the door for negotiation on the Civil Rights. He tries to convince his audience by providing evidence in order to gain his audience to be involved in his movement and support him. He also highlights police actions against nonviolent Negros and crimes against humanity in Birmingham city jail.
Morality derives from the Latin moralitas meaning, “manner, character, or proper behavior.” In light of this translation, the definition invites the question of what composes “proper behavior” and who defines morality through these behaviors, whether that be God, humanity, or an amalgamation of both. Socrates confronted the moral dilemma in his discourses millennia ago, Plato refined his concepts in his Republic, and leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi would commit their life work to defining and applying the term to political reform. Finally, after so many years, Martin Luther King’s “A Letter from Birmingham Jail” reaches a consensus on the definition of morality, one that weighs the concepts of justice and injustice to describe morality as the
In the book David and Goliath by Malcolm Gladwell, the author investigates the correlation between success and the circumstances involved in achieving such favorable outcomes. The argument that Gladwell forms states that despite what the societal norms are, those with less skill and noticeable setbacks can actually have an advantage over the naturally gifted. He then uses this argument to try and convince others that having talent doesn’t necessarily mean that you will always win or come out on top. To construct this argument and inform others of what he believes, Gladwell uses rhetorical strategies such as comparison/contrast, and studies/statistics to help validate his opinions and strengthen the argument at hand.
ISAIAH: Good morning. I’m Isaiah Thomas. No, not ‘the’ Isaiah Thomas from the Bad Boy Pistons or new Celtics Isaiah Thomas, I’m just Isaiah Thomas. I’m here with my colleague and friend Ben Jackson. Welcome to our podcast “Two Men and a lot of Balls”, where we talk about a lot of balls. We’ll go through each and every week talking and comparing the old verse the new players of the NBA, NFL, NHL, and MLB. Each week we’ll argue between two different players, one from the old era, and one from the more recent era. We’ll have argument on whether Jordan or Lebron is better, Montana or Brady, Ruth or Trout, and so on.
From time immemorial, the promoters of social justice utilize rhetorical strategies to persuade theirs opponents of theirs claims. The proponents of the movement for civil rights for African Americans have made an intensive use of those strategies to advocate their cause. On April 16, 1963, from the jail of Birmingham, Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote an extensive missive to eight clergymen who had attacked his work for civil rights in a public statement released on April 12, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr. primarily aimed this letter at those eight leaders of the white Church of the South. However, the eight clergymen's letter and the response from Martin Luther King, Jr. were publicly published. Martin Luther King, Jr. wanted to convince of the utility of his commitment in this particular area at this specific moment. To persuade his readers, Martin Luther King, Jr. predominantly employs Aristotle's three types of persuasion that are appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos. First, he appeals to his own reputation and wisdom. Second, he tries to arouse emotions or sympathy in the readers. Finally, he appeals to logic, supported with evidence and citations from influential thinkers.
A major disagreement among numerous people is religion because each person believes that they are right and the other is wrong, whereas cosmopolitans believe that both are right in their own sense. Appiah uses the example of a Muslim and a Catholic in his chapter, “The Shattered Mirror,” in order to solidify his argument of cosmopolitanism. “Muslims should go to Mecca, Catholics to Mass” – this statement, however, is not valid in today’s world. If you do not believe in one of these traditions because you believe your religion is the only religion, you would believe those who think otherwise are mistaken, not you. As Appiah concluded within this chapter, “we can often experience the appeal of values that aren’t, exactly, our own. So perhaps, when it comes to morality, there is no singular truth. In that case, there’s no one shattered mirror; there are lots of mirrors, lots of moral truths, and we can at best agree to differ” (11). Cosmopolitanism can only thrive if we all agree to differ, instead of constantly disagreeing. But, how can we all agree to disagree if we do not have the same values and moral
Scientists are constantly forced to test their work and beliefs. Thus they need the ability to embrace the uncertainty that science is based on. This is a point John M. Barry uses throughout the passage to characterize scientific research, and by using rhetorical devices such as, comparison, specific diction, and contrast he is able show the way he views and characterizes scientific research.
In the article “Moral Disagreements”, Kwame Anthony Appiah discusses how disagreements occur when value based questions are asked. Appiah states the relevance of this topic by mentioning that individuals do not have to go to distances in order to be engaged in a moral discussion. Due to technology the world is more connected than ever, brining everyone together regardless of location. This results in the display of various cultures, believes and values. It is important to keep in mind that “if we are to encourage cosmopolitan engagement, moral conversations between people across societies, we must expect disagreements.” According to Appiah it is crucial to understand that every society is unique. There are similarities across societies
Arthur, John, and Scalet, Steven, eds. Morality and Moral Controversies: Readings in Moral, Social, and Political Philosophy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Eighth Edition, 2009.
Every individual is taught what is right and what is wrong from a young age. It becomes innate of people to know how to react in situations of killings, injuries, sicknesses, and more. Humans have naturally developed a sense of morality, the “beliefs about right and wrong actions and good and bad persons or character,” (Vaughn 123). There are general issues such as genocide, which is deemed immoral by all; however, there are other issues as simple as etiquette, which are seen as right by one culture, but wrong and offense by another. Thus, morals and ethics can vary among regions and cultures known as cultural relativism.
The practices of many cultures are varied from one another, considering we live in a diverse environment. For example, some cultures may be viewed as similar in comparison while others may have significant differences. The concept of Cultural Relativism can be best viewed as our ideas, morals, and decisions being dependent on the individual itself and how we have been culturally influenced. This leads to many conflict in where it prompts us to believe there is no objectivity when it comes to morality. Some questions pertaining to Cultural Relativism may consists of, “Are there universal truths of morality?” “Can we judge
Harman, G. (2000). Is there a single true morality?. Explaining value and other essays in moral philosophy (pp. 77-99). Oxford: Clarendon Press ;.
For Cultural Relativism, it is perfectly normal that something one culture sees as moral, another may see as immoral. There is no connection between them so they are never in conflict relative to their moral beliefs. However, within the context of Ethical Relativism there’s a significant difference. Normally, two cultures will possess varying proportions of the same normal and abnormal habits yet from a cross-cultural standpoint, what is abnormal in one culture can be seen as properly normal in an...