A Discussion and Analysis Of some of his Contributions As Well as their Social, Political and Economic Impacts Since the Thirteen Colonies first united, the United States has had one of the strongest economies in the world. Over the years, many theorists have had varying opinions concerning the reason for this nation's strong economic standing. One reason that has often been overlooked is that a great many of this nation's workers have been influenced by the Protestant work ethic. The philosophy behind this work ethic has driven many workers to attain as much as possible at their jobs during their lifetimes. If one man were to be given credit for the development of the Protestant work ethic it would have to be Martin Luther. In the course of the next several pages this researcher will examine the ethic that has had such a great impact on the United State's economy and on the economies of other nations. It has been suggested by such writers as Weber and Smith that the Protestant work ethic first developed around the word "calling." Basically, this term has a religious connotation which is a task set by God. However, gradually this term was expanded to the point where it covered many of man's activities. During the Protestant Reformation, the term "calling" started to take on a new meaning. Fulfilling one's duty in worldly affairs became a task of extreme importance. gradually, fulfilling one's duty was not only important but it became the moral obligation of every individual (the highest form of moral activity). Before the Reformation, the Catholic Church did not believe that everyday world activities had a religious significance. As a result of Luther these world activities were quite important in adhering to God's wishes. Rather than devote one's life to worshipping God through prayer, and instead of sacrificing all worldly goods to follow Christ, the Protestants believed that the task of every person is to fulfill (to the best of his/her ability) their tasks on earth. This unique conception of the word "calling" was developed by Luther during his first active decade as a reformer. At first he believed, like many other theologians, that everyday world activities were activities of the flesh. Although these activities were willed by God, they were nonetheless morally neutral. However, gradually Luther began to protest against ...
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...ry citizenship to the patrician class was relatively easy, however, can be seen by the situation in Nuremberg, where in 1511 only 57 honorable families had been represented among the hundred and eighty listed in 1390. In Augsburg, some of the new patricians came from the artisan class, including the Fuggers and Hochstetters. After 1500, however when the medieval cities started to decline, the status of the patricians became much less flexible. BIBLIOGRAPHYAtkinson, James. Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation. (Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1968).Richard L. DeMolen. The Meaning of the Reformation. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974).Arthur Dickens, Martin Luther and the Reformation. (London: Oxford University Press, 1967).Richard Marius, Luther. (New York: Erdicott Press, 1973).Olin, John C. Luther, Erasmus and the Reformation. (New York: Fordham University Press, 1969).Parsons, Talcott. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1947).Thompson, Craig. Christian Humanism and the Reformation. (New York: Macmillan and Co., 1965).Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. (New York: Charles Scribner and Sons, 1958).
In Martin Luther’s Freedom of a Christian Man, Luther describes what he believes should be the relationship between faith and good works in the life of Christian people. His beliefs became integral to the Protestant and Lutheran ideologies. The basis of Luther’s pamphlet was “A Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none. A Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant of all, subject to all.” (31) This central thought provides readers dialogue on what is truly a selfless, act and if these acts do in fact have an effect on one’s
Kittelson, James M. Luther the Reformer: The Story of the Man and His Career. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.
From the very beginning of Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago is held in very high regard within the community in Venice. He is often called “honest Iago” by many people, including his superior, Othello. There is a large juxtaposition between Iago’s character in the beginning of the play, and the general perception at the end of the play, due to Iago’s many character flaws that cause him to create devious plans and a web of deception and lies, spun by his intense anger and hatred. The exposition of Othello holds many indications of the negative traits Iago possesses, and they escalate quickly as the play progresses. There are many points within the play that present Iago falling prey to his issues and therefore lets them control him. Iago’s anger and hatred kept him from dealing with these character flaws and lead to his descent into moral
The political organization and religion aspects during the 16th century influenced Protestant Reformation to occur in Germany. Martin Luther’s writings reflect on his views and perspectives of German politics and religion at the time. Martin Luther’s ideas in the Letter to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation and The Statement of Grievances mentions Martin Luther’s thoughts about how corrupt the church is, why the corruption in the church needs to end, and what Martin Luther’s ideas are to change the way of the church.
Shakespearian tales always leave us with a plethora to ponder about the Elizabethan age and Shakespeare himself. “Othello” is no break in this mold, leaving us to ponder the roll of Iago within the harsh tale of love and murder. Iago is the one to tell Othello of his wife’s betrayal with Cassio, hence making up a story that will work to his favor yet betray those around him. Iago betrays his wife, Emilia, but not only her as he drags Othello, Desdemona, and Cassio into the mix of lies and the hatred he is spreading to improve his rank with Othello. But were Iago’s acts unjust and done for the sake of it? Is he a heartless man who’s only happiness is to bring sorrow upon others? No, Iago has a just reason for what he does, even though he causes the deaths of Cassio, Emilia, and Desdemona in his search for revenge; Iago is not a heartless fiend, just a man wronged.
Roderigo, an initially well-intentioned man who is lovestruck for Desdemona, is corrupted by Iago’s deceptive lies. His mask portrays his sadness and melancholy behavior, seeking sympathy from the manipulative Iago. This was a big mistake, as Iago formulates his plan, Roderigo simply becomes a puppet to him. Thinking that with Iago’s help, Roderigo unknowingly permits Iago to change his mask. Anything that would be worth winning over Desdemona’s heart would be worth it to him, even killing Cassio. Iago exercises full control over Roderigo in this way, by preying upon his lust for
The most interesting character in the play Othello is the villain, Iago, commonly referred to as "Honest Iago". Iago is smart, and well tuned to human behavior, and uses this knowledge to his advantage. He manipulates others to do things to help him reach his final goal; revenge on Othello and Cassio. His greatest tool in doing so is his reputation as an honest and trustworthy person. Othello believes Iago is a person "of exceeding honesty, and knows all qualities, with the learned spirit of human dealings." [Act III, Scene iii]. The other characters believe this as well, and Iago becomes a confidant for most of them.
First, Othello is required to present a man to accompany Desdemona to Cyprus, which Othello says, “A man he is of honesty and trust. / To His conveyance I assign my wife, / With what else needful your good Grace shall think / To be sent after me.” (1.3.320-25). Iago is referred to as a man of “truthfulness, integrity, and honorable behavior”, all of which are brilliant attributes of a man of low military status hoping to move up the ranks (Folger, 48). Given an omniscient perspective of the play, readers are given access to the whereabouts of characters at the necessary time. For example, as the play opens, Iago is gaining the trust of Rodrigo and convincing Rodrigo to wake Desdemona’s father in order to tell him about the wedding between Othello and Desdemona. Shakespeare immediately gives hint to Iago’s disloyalty to his superior, yet creates a setting in which the other characters of the play believe Iago to be truthful and honorable. Once again, in the third scene of act one, Othello professes his trust in Iago to the Duke. If Othello is willing to give his word to his own superior on trusting Iago, then the Duke himself trusts Iago. The entire military hierarchy is one of trust. One is trusted and given responsibility regardless of position, and the man on top, such as the Duke, may trust a man such as Iago. Second, Othello refers directly to Iago as “honest Iago”
Iago, the villain in Shakespeare’s Othello, is a round character of great depth and many dimensions. Iago works towards an aim that is constantly changing and becomes progressively more tragic. Yet, at times, "honest" Iago does actually seem honest. This essay will explore the complex character of "honest Iago.
Iago is a devious character and uses other people’s attributes against them. Iago uses the kindness of Desdemona to get into Othello’s head, ruin their relationship and break the friendly bond between Othello and
First one of the main characters in the play changes from being a best friend to being the worst of friends. After Iago consults a depressed Roderigo who is crying over the marriage of Othello and Desdemona. Roderigo goes to sleep as a happy man, however once Roderigo leaves Iago says behind his back, “Thus do I ever make my fool my purse. / For I mine own gained knowledge should profane / If I would time expend with such a snipe / But for my sport and profit” (Shakespeare 1.3. 374-337). Iago could just be messing around and he could never mean such a thing; however,
In the beginning of the play Iago first shows his dishonesty and untrustworthiness when he talks badly of Roderigo and Othello behind their backs. At first he is ranting about Othello to Roderigo, telling him how he -hated Othello and how “the moor” didn’t deserve to have such a good life (Act I, scene i, lines 8-34). Him and Roderigo go to Othello’s father in law’s
Othello is so caught up in Iago’s lies that he refuses to believe his own wife when she is confronted and denies the whole thing. Iago is a dubious characters who is able to twist the supple minds of his “friends and disrupt other people's happiness without feeling the slightest of guilt or remorse is disturbing. The language that he uses is vulgar and rude and he has no shame in his deceitful actions. In order to get what he wants, Iago will do anything. As the play continues Iago we can picture Iago having his fingers in Roderigo's purse which symbolizes his interest in money and that how easily he is able to embezzle the money that Roderigo has given to Iago to win over Desdemona. When Roderigo discovers Iago has been stealing his money, he screams at Iago and threatens him, however, when Iago tells Roderigo how to capture Desdemona’s heart, Roderigo forgets Iago’s incident and agrees to kill Cassio. Iago’s keen intellect is an ability to say the right things at the right time is what makes him a successful character and someone with a conscience would never be able to keep up such a ploy and be able to deceive everyone if the person himself weren’t truly
Iago uses Roderigo’s gullible and naive personality to his advantage. Roderigo’s compulsive love for Desdemona renders him vulnerable to Iago’s manipulation. This obsession causes Roderigo to obediently believe anything Iago says in hopes of winning Desdemona. Iago uses Roderigo as a puppet to fill Brabantio’s head with false claims of how Othello stole Desdemona. Later in the play, Iago uses Roderigo as a mere pawn for his ploy of instigating a fight between Cassio and Roderigo himself.
When I think of being healthy, I don’t think of one part of health. Instead, I try to focus on the total health of the body, which is known as wellness. A lot of individuals believe that being healthy is the basic routine of eating right and exercising. While these are key components of wellness, it is not the primary target. Exercising and eating right initiates the physical aspects of health and physical health is secondary to achieving wellness, which is the total health of the body. Mental health is the main component and the catalyst to achieving wellness. You have to be mentally stable in order to understand yourself and your body. Your mental health will help you to maintain balance in your life and guide you through a healthy lifestyle so you can achieve wellness. This type of focus was not discussed much, but mental health is now a trending topic in the nursing field. Within other medical fields, the popular forms of health are discussed, researched, and demonstrated more. This gives