Hypothesis: “We hypothesize that the performance of individual members in such situations is likely to be highest when the members hold both individualist and collectivist orientations toward their work” (Hollenbeck, Humphrey, Meyer, Wagner, 2012, pg. 947).
Hypothesis in my words: We believe that individual performances are at its peak when individualism and collectivism is applied towards an individual’s particular task.
2) Methodology: The participants were required to engage in individualized and team-worked tasks. The participants were split into multiple teams of 4 group members and were placed in the same computer terminal room. They then participated in a technological activity that relied heavily on both individual and teamwork performance. Their goal was to detect and eliminate sources from their rivals while simultaneously refraining from damaging their own teams’ resources. Each team possessed 4 dimensional resources that consisted of power, performance speed, longevity of operation, and their range of vision. Individuals within the team must act by themselves or plan accordingly as a group in order to bring down enemy sources, as well as to protect their territory. Experimenters then measured each group’s performances by their structural independence, team member performance, utilitarian individualism-collectivism, and ontological individualism-collectivism.
3) What they found: What they found in the end was that an individual’s performance is most efficient he/she participates in activities that held individualism-like and collectivism-like tasks. They also found several key points that boded well in terms of different assets. The assets discovered are as followed:
Separation of: utilitarian individualism/ ont...
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...sitive and negative scenarios.
4) How this relates to the real world: This relates to the real world because positive and negative behaviors are displayed by terms of words and actions everywhere around us on a daily basis. After reading this article, I believe the mood maintenance hypothesis has a tighter grip on positive people. Expressing positive behavioral actions and words can change someone’s day. However, I believe using empathy is one of the strongest and most influential strategies to extinguish negativity. Empathizing with another person means to express a genuine care and share that persons state of mind, thus having a strong impact on that particular individuals feelings.
5) Kienan, G., Sadach, E., Westman. (2013). The crossover of positive and negative emotions:
The role of state empathy. International Journal of Stress Management, 20, 116-133.
Social psychology is a scientific study that studies how people think, feel, and how they behave under the influence of other people (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2013, p. 2). Thinking about what social influence really means, we tend to think of a person who tries to persuade another person to acting a certain way. It can be a form of peer pressure, like taking that first puff of a cigarette, or it can be conforming to popular societal views, such as obeying the law of the land. Fiction is a great way to learn about social psychological perspectives. Watching popular theatrical films is the perfect way to learn because it illustrates the application of many perceptions within the subject of social psychology.
The constant debate over the school systems in America, have yielded a discussion over whether these school systems promote individuality through ones’ schoolwork or if the whole system is set up to conform every student. Some important issues to discuss when looking at schools causing individuality or conformity are school dress codes, rigid school schedules and classes, and little creativity promoted in schools.
Consider how the natural development of narrative techniques in George Orwell’s 1984 creates a theme of individualism verses state. What was the point in writing such an obvious theme, since a dystopia is the prime example of an imperfect world? He uses extremely well-developed techniques to demonstrate the dystopian society. Specifically, Orwell uses symbols as well as the setting to thoroughly contribute to the idea of a totalitarian state in his dystopian society; the ideas are in symbolic objects, themes, and characters. Orwell clearly suggests that are flaws in the world that he has created, and, more importantly, Orwell the possibility of the characteristics becoming reality.
From all the three distinct characterized political subcultures the moralistic political subculture, individual political subculture and traditionalistic political subculture I believe that Houston is both individualistic and traditionalisticpolitical subculture. There many reasons that pushed me to that conclusion, some of these reasons are crystal clear if you are walking in Houston down town you would see all of things that do not add up together meaning seeing a Latino or Hispanic restaurants next to a complex apartment building by itself or a club next to a complex building, or even a dentist next to a bar therefore Houston in known for its lake of zoning. Also in old neighborhoods many of the residents set up a town meeting to decide
Individualism and collectivism are conflicting beliefs with the nature of humans, society, and the relationships between them, however, these ideologies are not diametrically opposing since both are essential towards balancing beliefs from becoming extremes. The first source represents the idea of collectivism and suggests that the society must focus on moving their viewpoint from ‘me’ into ‘we’ in the interest of survival and progression. This perspective presents the idea that the individual’s advantage belongs not only to the person, but to the group or society of which he or she is a part of, and that the individual’s values and goals are for the group’s “greater good.” Likewise, Karl Marx’s principle of communism emphasizes in the elimination
The first basic issue confronting all societies is to define the nature of the relation between the individual and the group. This dimension is frequently labeled as individualism versus collectivism (Hofstede, 1980, 1991). In cultures at the Conservatism pole of the dimension, Schwartz (1994) noted that the person is viewed as embedded in a collectivity, finding meaning in life largely through social relationships, through identifying with the group and participating in its shared way of life. Schwartz (1999) noted that this value type emphasizes maintenance of the status quo, propriety, and restraint of actions or inclinations that might disrupt the solitary group or the traditional order. Exemplary specific values are social order, respect
In the recent weeks, I have noticed a trend in our cultural beliefs regarding groups outside of our own. As a nation, while the United States has a strongly individualistic nature from a personal perspective, there is also a strong collectivist belief regarding everyone outside of themselves and their groups. Rather than believing that each member of an external group is responsible for their decisions alone (myth of individualism), separating them from a collective (one bad apple), the consensus is generally geared opposite. For example, the belief that all immigrants want to steal American jobs, when one is not an immigrant, or that feminists are actually misandrists, when one is not a feminist. What I believe we have
Do you stand alone as a unique and special individual? Since the beginning of American history there have been struggles for individualism. The American Revolution, the American Civil War, and the separation from family life are all examples of individualism in American history. Individualism is an American paradigm designed by the modern societal structure that is an altered idea of the foundation by immigrants. In today’s society the struggle for individualism is more personal and represents how American values have shifted since the beginning of American history.
Stewart, G., Manz, C., & Sims, H., (1999). Teamwork and Group Dynamics. New York: Wiley. pp. 70- 125.
High managerial productivity depends largely on choosing to perform tasks that provide high leverage. A team will perform well only if peak performance is elicited from the individuals in it. This is the third idea of the book. Can an organization use whatever it is that motivates an athlete to put out his "personal best" consistently?
Relationships are the foundation for the society we live in. They exist everywhere and relationships are not confined to be strictly romantic. Whether it be with your roommate or your parent, everyone that you have a connection with, you also have a relationship with. With each relationship you will encounter “a unity of opposites,” known as dialectical tensions, which will either break that relationship apart or build it further (Baxer 2004). I will be analyzing the relationship with the person I have experienced the most tensions with over the course of the last seven years, my mother.
Discuss the social psychological approach in psychology and identify the kinds of questions that social psychologists attempt to answer.
In the diverse world in which we live, each country has its own identity and culture. In fact, a culture has its own languages, traditions, customs and social particularities. We can therefore assume that the relationships between individuals change from culture to culture because of cultural distinctions such as impressionism and individualism. Indeed, in a collectivist culture, individuals see themselves as a part of a group, while in an individualist culture individuals are independents from the community. Therefore explaining the differences between a collectivist and an individualist culture with the examples of the United States and the Ivory Coast can help any sociology class student to understand how
Next, you statistically determine which of these many traits your top performers and most impactful employees' exhibit that differentiates them from bottom performing and average employees.
...adership Practices in Relation to Productivity and Morale." In D. Cartwright and A. Zander, Group Dynamics: Research and Theory, 2nd ed. (Elmsford, NY: Row, Paterson, 1960)