TEACHING SPEAKING SKILLS
Communication involves the use of four language skills:
listening and speaking in oral communication
reading and writing in written communication.
The sender of the message uses speaking or writing skills to communicate ideas, the receiver uses listening or reading skills to interpret the massage. The skills used by the sender are productive and those used by the receiver are receptive (or interpretive). The use of each skill demands various components of language substance. Each skill involves the use of specific vehicles. Learners usually attain a much higher level of proficiency in the receptive skills than in the productive skills. Mastering the language skills, like mastering any kind of skill, requires a considerable amount of practice. Step by step in the teaching-learning development process the learner should become more proficient.
When we say a person knows the language, we first of all mean he understands the language spoken and can speak himself. Language came into life as a means of communication. It exists and is alive only through speech. When we speak about teaching a foreign language, we first of all have in mind teaching it as a means of communication. Speech is a bilateral process. It includes hearing and speaking. Speaking exists in two forms: dialogue and monologue.
DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS
To develop speaking skills attention should be concentrated on the following main problems:
• syllabus requirements
• language and speech
• physiological and linguistic characteristics of speech
• ways of creating situations
• prepared, unprepared and inner speech
• types of exercises.
Oral communication has two types: productive-speaking and receptive-listening.
The syllabus requirement...
... middle of paper ...
... the syllabus requires:
1. question - response
e.g. - What’s your name?
- Charan…
2. statement - question
e.g. – I’m going to the film tomarrow.
- How did you get the tickets?
3. statement - statement
e.g. – I’d like to know when she is going to see you.
- That’s very difficult to say. She is just promising...
4. question - question
e.g. – Could you help me?
- What can I do?
Question-response dialogue is usually taught in schools. Above mentioned 4 lead-response units should be taught and their peculiarities should be taken into account.
The use of dialogues in language teaching has a long tradition. Stereotyped dialogues and dialogues in unnatural language have been recently replaced by more natural dialogues, which illustrate how sentences are combined for the purpose of communication in clearly defined (specific) social context.
Pages 261- 267. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.006. Cameron, D. (2001). The 'Case Working with spoken discourse and communication. London: Thousand Oaks & Co. Carson, C., & Cupach, W. (2000).
Throughout my practice, I have found that this mix is essential in order for children to engage with lessons. Alexander (2004) suggests that dialogical teaching includes traditional types of talk such as rote, recitation and instruction/exposition. It should also include discussion and dialogue (Alexander, 2004). These types of talk can occur in different situations: whole class, group discussions and paired talked. Mercer (1996) carried out a research project concerning the quality of talk in the classroom. His findings supported ‘…the conclusion that talk between learners has been shown to be valuable for the construction of knowledge’ (Mercer, 1996: 362). He disputed that not all kinds of exchange are of educational value (Mercer, 1996: 362). This point validates the importance of teachers understanding what type of talk makes their teaching genuinely dialogic.
Teaching strategies of a foreign language class have evolved from a long history of useless methods that do not fulfill the goal of language acquisition. The main goal of a foreign language class in terms of the New Jersey Core Curriculum Standards is that the students be able to communicate using the foreign language. Communication refers to the student’s ability to converse with a native speaker of the language that has been studied. In the past, it was assumed that students must first learn the rules of grammar and then use those rules to construct sentences and communicate, but there have been several linguistic theories that have refuted this methodology.
Active listening is not just defined as looking at the teacher all eyes and ears, mouth closed. Active listening comprises of sending, encoding, decoding, receiving and feedback. Sending is the instruction being said clearly and precisely with content and reason in layman term for a useful purpose to be understood easily by all students. Encoding is the transfer of information eliminating sources of conflicts and sent in a form where it can be decoded by the receiver. Decoding is a skill where the receiver takes to listen or read carefully. However, if the decoder lacks knowledge to understand the message, it creates confusion. Receiving is when the receiver gets the message delivered and processes it with ideas and feelings which affect the understanding and response to the message. Feedback is when the receiver show non-verbal and verbal response to the message. The...
Public speaking is one of the most under rated skills learned in school, yet is one of the most valuable. The way you communicate shows a lot about you, and can influence other’s opinions of you. In every profession communicatiis important. Good communication skills, no matter what you plan to do in life, will help you out greatly and improve your chances against a harsh job market. I am majoring in Business Administration and Law, and communication is one of the biggest parts of business and law, yet communication is hardly ever taught in business classes for my major. I think that a communications class like public speaking, for example, should be not just for a college class, but taught in high school and middle school as well. I believe several classes would allow anyone to become an expert speaking. The only way to fully learn public speaking is to get up in front of people and talk to them. One can not learn public speaking from a book.
Language is a medium of communication and a carrier of culture because all that people know about their origin is communicated to them using language. In most cases mother tongues are suitable in expressing ones way of life. The native language is the best in expressing basic societal affairs. Language is the key medium of communication and it should be used in its simplest form because the simpler the language the easier the communication (Diyanni 633-639).
A major proportion of class time is taken up by teachers talking in front of the classroom(Nunan & Bailey, 2009). No matter what teaching strategies or methods a teacher uses, it is necessary to give directions, explain activities and check students’ understanding (Richards & Schimdt, 1985). This clearly emphasizes the importance of teacher talk in language classrooms. Walsh (2011) claimed that teacher talk is more important in language classroom than any other classroom since in this context the language being used by teacher is not only the means of acquiring new knowledge; it is also the goal of the study.
Language is a form of verbal communication via words and its pronunciation that is used and comprehended by various people of the same nation, culture, or geographical background. It has been said to be dated back as far as one thousand years ago before writing. Like culture, language is passed on through the process of enculturation. Meaning that it is something that is learned (Kottak, 101). In the video, “TED TALK:
Oral language development is the foundation of learning to read and write. When we first make our big entrance into the world, our oral language starts developing. As we grow up, we hear all kinds of sounds such as words, songs, traffic and much more. Oral language is all about using spoken words to express knowledge, ideas, and feelings. According to an article called “Stay at Home Educators” oral language plays a tremendous role for literacy development. There are four great examples that they discuss in this article that I thought was very informative. Oral language helps develop vocabulary concepts. When students discover the meaning and pronunciation of words, they are understanding different types of speech.
To start with, I do not want to narrowly define language as merely verbal communication. Language is far broader than that. In a few seconds a person walking past you on the street could tell you more about themselves with a sincere smile than they could with a few rushed words. Language encompasses all aspects of communication that enhance the level of our interaction. The tone in our voice demonstrating our feelings on a topic or our body language indicating our level of interest are just as important in interaction as verbally communicating content. There for I define language as any act that is involved in the interaction between two or more people.
Language is nothing but a media which expresses feelings, ideas, experiences and even pains properly to others. Cultural background is the origin of language. Language is one of the channels which promote human relations and human affections. Language always unites the people and sometimes language itself diverse the people. Without the language we cannot imagine the existence of human beings on the earth. Language is a system of words that people used to express thoughts, feelings each other. The word ‘language’ derived from Latin “lingua” which means ‘tongue, speech’. The word sometimes used to refer to codes, ciphers and other kind of communication systems. For example computer programming.
The student outcomes for this course are to incorporate and learn different forms of material that will help the student deliver a structured speech. In order to deliver logical and organized speeches. As well as learning to speak with confidence and to understand how to control their own individual body movement when delivering a speech. A student also has to learn how to apply concepts such as language, organization, support, and delivery. In order to effetely deliver an informative, persuasive, entertaining, and commemorate speak. Lastly, a student has to learn how to analyze individual speaks and the understand perspectives from all members of the community. All these outcomes in the syllabus are meant to prepare us to become better public
Learning is a conscious process that includes thorough explanation of grammar rules, practice of those rules, as well as memorizing lists of vocabulary, usually in a classroom setting (Wisniewski, 2007). Learners usually use their culture, first language, environment, background and personal experiences among others to learn a second language.
Interaction is a significant part of our daily lives. Oral communication with others is inevitable, and therefore it is crucial for us to acquire the skills to do so correctly. Aside from simply stating words or expressing ideas, oral communication serves various purposes. Oral communication allows an individual to express emotions, ideas, and feelings; it gives people the ability to empower, inspire, and motivate those who listen; and it allows people to share knowledge and traditions, as well as build their self-esteem. Oral communication is also useful in leading us to new discoveries, ideas, cultures, and perspectives (O’Neill). Thus, oral communication serves several different purposes in daily life; yet each of these purposes are connected to an even larger purpose. According to the textbook Communication: Making Connections, “Effective communication is critical to living successfully in today’s soc...