In 5 petri dishes used pipettes to gather 20 live brine shrimp and place in each dish. Labeled each petri dish accordingly and then observed the live brine shrimp in their controlled environment for 5 minutes. After the 5 minutes I counted the number of live brine shrimp and recorded the information. Hypothesis is that 20% concentration of ammonia will kill off 50% of the brine shrimp. Petri Dish Solution Contaminant Contaminant Concentration 1 15mL 0mL 0% 2 15mL .5mL 3.22% 3 15mL 1mL% 6.25% 4 15mL 2mL% 11.76% 5 15nL 3mL% 16.67% Next began adding the bleach to the petri dishes using pipettes. Each petri dish was given a different percentage of contaminant. Again, I set the timer for 5 minutes then counted the number of live brine
Nitrogen and nitrates relate to Hypoxia via the process of eutrophication. Since Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient in most waters, the added input of nitrate causes massive growth in algae. The algae rapidly consume all available N, and once the nutrient is limited again, the alga dies en masse. As the alga decomposes, oxygen is depleted in the water. This lowers dangerously lowers the level of dissolved oxygen in the water, which harms living organisms in the area. Small organisms and organisms that are immobile or unable to escape low-oxygen areas are particularly vulnerable. Hypoxia and resulting “dead zones” are harmful to local fishing and shrimping industries and algal blooms hurt the tourism industry. Hypoxia has lead to a decrease of about 25% in the brown shrimp habitat, forcing shrimping operations further offshore. As the hypoxia issue continues to grow, negative human effects will only increase. Since nitrate runoff from ag. has been proven to be the dominant source of hypoxia, policies could be enacted to effectively deal with “point-source” pollution. This makes enacting environmental policy more easily adapted, possibly included in past policy such as the Clean Water Act.
To begin the lab, the variable treatment was prepared as the Loggerlite probe, used to later measure oxygen consumption, warmed up for approximately 10 minutes. To prepare the variable treatment, 200ml of Sodium and Ammo-lock water was measured in a container and a pre-prepared “tea bag” of tobacco was steeped in the room temperature treated water until a light yellow color was visible. After preparing the tobacco solution the preparation for the live goldfish began as two beakers were filled with 100 ml of treated water. Each beaker was weighed before addi...
The procedures for this experiment are those that are referred to in Duncan and Townsend, 1996 p9-7. In our experiment however, each student group chose a temperature of either 5 C, 10 C, 15 C, or 20 C. Each group selected a crayfish, and placed it in an erlenmeyer flask filled with distilled water. The flask’s O2 levels had already been measured. the flask was then placed in a water bath of the selected temperature for thirty minutes, and then the O2 levels were measured again.
In the early development process of many organisms, it is important to be able to minimize exposure to agents of stunted or arrested development. By decreasing the mortality rate for a generation of a species, that species is given an advantage in later reproduction; by increasing the number of organisms of the same species within a limited environment, more organisms of the same species are able to reproduce, resulting in an augmented overall population ("Reproduction and Development", 2013). However, when toxins are introduced to an environment, an embryo’s viability can decrease. Mortality rates for the generation of the species can increase, and defects that are harmful to the reproductive cycle can emerge. Thus, it is necessary to measure and observe the effects of certain toxins on embryonic development. The North American brine shrimp, or Artemia Franciscana (Artemia Salina), is subject to changes in its environment. Toxins introduced to its hatching environment, such as ethanol (in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2%), can have significant impact for the hatching process and embryonic development. The experiment sought to explore the relationship between birth defects and exposure to ethanol at early developmental stages through the use of American brine shrimp. However, to be able to fully comprehend the impact that certain toxins would have on the embryonic development of the North American brine shrimp, it is first important to be versed in its specific hatching process.
within the soil. In this experiment, the liberation of ammonia is being employed as an indicator. Other components being utilized play a vital role in controlling the conditions of the experiment, as the THAM buffer, and the limitation of microbial activity, through toluene. The control experiment is crucial as it eliminates the addition of ammonia content being released by other sources within the soil into the final reading, providing accurate data.
Methodology: The experimenter used two ten gallon tanks. One tank will be used for the controlled group and the other tank will be used for the experimental group. Each tank will have two pounds of sand spread among the bottom of the tank along with rocks and artificial habitats to add nitrogen to the tanks. To add optimal living conditions for the oceanic life water filtration systems, temperature regulator, circulation systems, and a light to mimic the sun’s rays were added to each tank. At all times both tanks had a temperature of 75 degrees F. This experiment was done over a three month period. The first month was to allow the nitrogen cycle to occur. This allows the fish to be exposed to the water without having stress reactions due to unhealthy living conditions due to the nitrogen. Once the first month was complete six fish was added to both tanks. Two tangs, two damsels, and two clownfish. At first both tanks had a pH level of 8.2, ideal living conditions. After one week the experimental group was exposed to a pH level of 8.6. After two weeks it was raised to 9. Two weeks later it was raised to 9.3. The final raise was done two weeks after making the pH level 9.5. The final week of the experiment the pH lev...
Fairy shrimp are about 1/2 to 1 1/2 inch crustaceans swimming upside down. They have two sets of antennae and 11 pairs of leaf-like swimming legs. The colors of the shrimp are determined by the substances of the food source in the pool which the shrimp inhabit, it is usually constant among the beings of the waterway.
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
The ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate tests are used to determine if the fish’s environment is safe to live in or if the water is too toxic. Ammonia and nitrite are very toxic while nitrate is mostly harmless. To eliminate these chemicals, adding more bacterial supplement will cause the cycle to continue at a faster rate. These tests also show how the nitrogen cycle is progressing in the tank. As the cycle progresses, ammonia will decrease while nitrite increases. Then nitrite decreases and nitrate increases. Then nitrate decreases and your tank should be balanced.
2. In the large beaker, put water and boil it completely. After that, remove the beaker from heat. 3. Sample tubes (A-D) should be labeled and capped tightly.
In short, we can recall that the hypothesis is sodium chloride increases the swimming behavior of the Paramecium tertaurelia. Our |t-calculated|, as shown in Table 2, is less than the t-critical value from the table, therefore our averages for both the experimental group and control group are not significantly different enough, statistically speaking. As a result, our hypothesis is not supported. In this case, we accept the null hypothesis, which states that the sodium chloride has no effect on the swimming speed of the Paramecia tetraurelia and it is thus, supported. According to the results for the t-test, our t-calculated is less than the t-critical; therefore, we are less than 95% confident that the swimming speed increases. These results
The experiment measured the survival rate, the growth rate, and the size of the brine shrimp at the time harvested in various environments. To obtain these measurements, three environments were created: sea water, brackish water, and freshwater. For this experiment the scientists used 5 liter plastic buckets. Every two days, half of the water from each bucket was discarded and new water, of each respective salinity, was added into each bucket...
As shrimp farming increases, excessive amounts of organic waste, chemicals and antibiotics are produced. These pollutions can affect groundwater or coastal estuaries.
Humans have been performing aquaculture since Egyptian times. Aquaculture, by definition, is the process of growing aquatic organisms for consumption by human populations. Traditionally, aquaculture has been carried out in flow through systems, or pens in open water. These methods greatly increase the biogeochemical loading, as the fish excrete ammonia (~90%) and urea (~10%) (Timmons and Ebeling, 2013). The biogeochemical nitrogen cycle is driven by microorganisms, that perform nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Nitrification leads to the production of nitrite and nitrate from the oxidation of ammonia. Ammonia and nitrite are inherently toxic to fish; however, the sensitivity to these nitrogenous compounds varies by species. It was suggested that in Cyprinus carpio, or common catfish, ammonia is regulated at the gill interface by Na+/K+-ATPase. With nitrite, fish are most sensitive in the early stages of growth; this is most often observed as poor gill structure and inflammation of muscle tissue (Kroupova et al., 2010). In a separate review, Dolomatov, et al., 2011, concluded that the most critical times for nitrite regulation are during the incubation of eggs; larvae rearing; and wintering fish.
Rinse a 25mL buret with three 5mL portions of standard permanganate solution. Fill the buret with the standard permanganate solution and record initial and final readings.