How could your gut bacteria cause you colon cancer? According to the article, “Gut Microbes Combine to cause Colon Cancer, Study Suggests” They reported that there is two type of bacteria causing colon cancer according to recent research publications. There are two type of bacteria associated with colon cancer Bacteroides fragilis and E. coli, they are known to produce a layer in the intestine lining. According to this article, E. coli have toxin that can damage DNA of the colon cells. Additionally, B. fragilis produce another toxin that damage the DNA and inflames the cells. There bacteria are not common to everyone, but some people have them in their intestine. In their study, these toxins expel from bacteria cause cancer when put into mice. …show more content…
However, they are identified in people with colon cancer. The most abundant bacteria in our gut and causing cancer are Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. When colon tumor genes are analyzing, alterations in these genes are founded. APC and CTNNB1, P53 genes have deletions in people with colon cancer. In addition, DNA methylation at CpG islands are abnormal, and chromosomes are instable. All these DNA alterations mentioned due colon cancer are mentioned to occur in the stem cells in the base of the villus crypt. The crypt is occupied by a numerous of differentiated cells, which renew to generate epithelium after an injury. Bacteria induced DNA alteration, E. Coli downregulate DNA mismatch repair protein, so this mechanism enhance tumor formation. In the case of, Enteroccous faecalis produce aneuploidy in the epithelial cells, aneuploidy is an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. Overall, there are many factors undelaying colon cancer that need to be studied. However, formation of cancer in the colon can take place due to reduction of protective bacteria, changes in energy uptake and metabolic disorders. For future considerations, it is important to understand the place that take the
In this experiment, both BALB/c and C3H mice are induced with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). The inflammation is caused by the administration of dextran sodium sulphate to the drinking water of the mice. While azoxymethane induction plays a role in the development to colon cancer. In this project, the development of colon cancer through the inflammation pathway is being researched. The process first starts with the of inflammation foci. Over time, it develops into hyperplasia due to the increasing capacity of cell proliferation.
According to the article The mechanism and efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea there is a great concern about increasing incidence of C. difficile infection due to use of broad spectrum antibiotics. Clindamycin, third generation of cephalosporins and flouroquinolones are considered high risk antibiotics. It is believed that normal gastrointestinal flora has potential effect in inhibition C.difficile growth and toxin A,B release which offen associated with sever diarrhea resulting in patient’s mortality and other comorbidities. After first episode, there is a high chance for relapses due to reduction serum IgG antibodies to toxin A and colonic IgA secretion cells.
...ozzi E, Biffoni M, Todaro M, Peschle C, et al. Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature. 2007;445(7123):111-5.
Escherichia coli is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a bacterium with a cell wall that has many components. Escherichia coli can live without oxygen which means that it is a facultative anaerobe. It is also capable of fermenting lactose under anaerobic conditions, and in the absence of alternative electron acceptors. There are effects and various factors that limit its growth rate. Its morphology consists of a rod-shaped gram negative bacteria that is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation, human intestines, as well as the intestines of animals. Its presence can be good or bad.
E. coli are bacteria that can cause an infection in various parts of your body, including your intestines. E. coli bacteria normally live in the intestines of people and animals. Most types of E. coli do not cause infections, but some produce a poison (toxin) that can cause diarrhea. Depending on the toxin, this can cause mild or severe diarrhea.
The cancer stem cell theory hypothesizes that tumors or cancers arise from mutations or epigenetic changes in normal stem cells. These mutated or genetically altered stem cells possess the properties of the normal stem cells such as the ability to self-renew, differentiate into any type of body cell, and resist apoptosis. Hence, the cancer stem cells (CSC) are named so. It is also suggested that because of the above-mentioned properties of the cancer stem cells, the current anti-cancer therapies are not entirely successful (Gil et al, 2008). Despite surgery and other therapies, even if very few of these cancer stem cells survive, they can continue to act as a source for more tumors, even though the therapies eliminate all visible signs of cancer.
Colorectal cancer, or CRC, affects African American men and women more than Caucasians, at a rate 20% higher. This is concerning when faced with the mortality rates among African Americans, 28% higher for women and 14% higher for men than for Whites. African Americans are also more likely to be in later stages of the disease when diagnosed. There is a need to study and evaluate why these factors exist, as proper screening and early diagnosis can severely impact survival rates for CRC. One study attempts to find the solution through testing, however, this study slightly discredits itself along the way.
Colon cancer develops in the part of the gastrointestinal tract that absorbs water and minerals before waste products are disposed via the rectum. In women endometrial cancer is related to colon cancer. This type of cancer is the second leading cause of death due to cancer in the United States. Over one-hundred fifty thousand individuals will be diagnosed this year and this cancer will probably be responsible for about 47,900 deaths in 1999 (http://www.cancer.org). Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop from the glandular cells. Ninety percent of all colon cancer cases will develop in individuals after 50 years of age. Ninety percent of all tumors arise from polyps that are commonly found in people older than 50. Prevention includes regular exercise and a diet high in fiber. The most important risk factor is age. Medical screening includes a yearly blood occult test after age 50 and a colonoscopy every 3 years after age 50. Regular screening detects polyps that have become precancerous. If regular screening is not done, the cancer is not detected until blood is found in the...
E. Coli 0157, written by Mary Heersink, is a nerve-racking, adrenaline-filled story of a mother's experience with a then unknown deadly bacteria. The book brings up many reactions in its readers, especially the questioning of the practice of doctors in hospitals. The reader's knowledge base of scientific procedures in emergency centers was widened as well as the knowledge of how to the human body reacts to different agents in its system.
In most cases, it's not clear what causes colon cancer. Doctors know that colon cancer happens when healthy cells in the colon become changed.
All cancer has a genetic basis. It is triggered by mutations in the genes of a cell which then cause the cell to abnormally reproduce. Many of these gene changes are caused by random mutations when the cell is dividing. It only takes one cell mutating to cause cancer. There are no symptoms for the beginning of cancer and only five to ten percent of all cancers are caused by parents passing down genetic mutations to their children. The remaining are caused by environmental changes (Douglas).
What is Gut Microbiota? Community small microorganism that inhabits the entire length of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is known as gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is mainly composed of bacteria from two major phyla: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are the two major phyla that occur inside the gut but there are some less abundant phyla also present such as Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Euryachaeota, and Verrucomicrobia (1)(2). The density and composition of the human gut microbiota is described in Figure 1. These gut microbiotas possess numerous other metabolic abilities and activities, such as changing diet and other lifestyle factors can alter gut microbiota balance (dysbiosis) and cause increase intestinal permeability (3,(4)(5).(Figure
Colon and rectal cancer develop in the digestive tract, which is also called the gastrointestinal, or GI, tract. The digestive system processes food for energy and rids the body of solid waste matter (fecal matter or stool). Colon cancer and rectal cancer have many features in common. Sometimes they are referred to together as colorectal cancer.
These oncogenes cause cancer because they do not allow the cells to self-destruct or become epistatic. There have been several research projects which have been testing epistatis. Transfecting DNA To perform the experiments for this research, the researchers had to grow certain pieces of DNA.... ... middle of paper ...
Everyone is born with certain genetic mutations that make the them more likely to develop cancer in a later time in life. Though they might have a genetic feature, cancer will not develop unless triggered by environmental factors such as air and water pollution. As a matter of fact, my grandfather started smoking alongside consuming heavy amounts of alcohol around the age of 15, smoking and heavy alcohol intake have been considered as one of the potential causes of colon