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Gentlemanly Ideals in Emma and Reflections on the Revolution in France
The last two centuries have been full of drastic changes in the human condition. Today, we tend to overlook just how drastic those changes were. Britain during the late 18th Century provides an excellent example because both the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution were chipping away at the established social order. In Britain, the aristocracy had ruled in relative stability since the medieval period. There were power struggles but the ideology of privilege remained untouchable. British society considered privilege a reward for refinement and expected a gentleman to distinguish himself by following a specific code of conduct. However, his duty and honor depended on more than a code; he also had to feel sympathy for the weaker sex and the lower classes and know when to act accordingly. This sensibility made him “gentle” and a just participant in the governing process. In the 1790’s and 1800’s these gentlemanly ideals were eroding. Yet, while the British did not guillotine their nobles like the French did, many still said that rapid change could unravel the delicate balance of society perpetuated by a refined nobility. The rise of merchants and industrialists into the ranks of the upper class graphically illustrated a shift toward individual success and the selfish ideology of capitalism. Gentlemen through birth and education were losing ground to these nouveaux-rich and consequently the ruling class disconnected further from their communities.
In 1790, Edmund Burke, a member of the British Parliament, made an impassioned plea in “Reflections on the Revolution in France” to avoid letting the radical changes occurring around the world cause B...
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... Jane Austen. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 87-108.
Burke, Edmund. “Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event: in a Letter Intended to Have Been Sent to a Gentleman in Paris 1790.” Edmund Burke: Selected Writings and Speeches. Ed. Peter J. Stanlis. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 1963. 511-608.
Frohnen, Bruce. “Burkean Virtue and the Conservative Good Life.” Perspectives on Political Science 21.1 (1994): 4-15.
Johnson, Claudia L. “’Not at All What a Man Should Be!’: Remaking English Manhood in Emma.” Equivocal Beings: Politics, Gender, and Sentimentality in the 1790s. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1995. 191-203.
Waldron, Mary. “Men of Sense and Silly Wives: The Confusion of Mr. Knightley.” Studies in the Novel 28.2 (1996): 141-158.
Burke, Edmund (the Right Honourable), “Reflections on the Revolution in France” from The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke from Project Gutenberg: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15679, Vol. III/12, No. 04/22, Pp. 1-15, Public Domain, 2009
In this volume Foner presents his answer to the generational question pondered by historians, about whether or not the American Revolution was really a revolution at all in the true sense of the word. That is a class struggle, aimed at leveling the playing field of democracy in the country, or purely a political quarrel between England and her American colonies. He concludes that the revolution was most assuredly a class struggle of this ilk; one to determine “who would rule at home”, as he quoted from the noted progressive historian Carl Becker in the preface. He asserts ...
Edmund Burke was an English Whig/moderate liberal who supported the American Revolution in the 1770’s but didn’t support the French Revolution in the 1790’s while it was still at its most moderate phrase. Edmund Burke reacted strongly against the French Revolution because he thought it was too radical and that the natural rights of man could be very dangerous to a society. I find Burke’s critique on the French Revolution to be valid in many areas, history has shown us how hard it is to completely change an authority and then replace it.
...to regulate itself. They should increase their own standards and donate a portion of their profits to trying to fix the devastation in the gulf. They should be seen trying to clean up the gulf. They should as donate a portion of their proceeds to developing new technology that will aid in the cleanup of spills of this nature. They should be open with their business practices in the future and become a responsible partner in environmental efforts. They should avoid areas with volatile environments that aren’t conducive to safe drilling until they develop the technology to do so safely.
On April 20, 2010, BP’S deep water horizon drill exploded in Gulf of Mexico and this oil spill killed 11 innocent workers and caused severe damage to the environment. “It was the worst environmental disaster in US history and BP lost his reputation worldwide”. The oil spill created negative attention from media and public. BP’s “Gulf of Mexico Restoration” website uses these three strategies to try to repair its reputation: pictures of its new employees to show its dedication to creating more jobs and ensuring the safety in the company, images of emergency services and clean-up programs to show its quick responses and efforts to prevent more damages, and clear language about its legal proceedings and investigations to show its commitment to the affected people and environment.
Sutherland, Donald M.G. The French Revolution and Empire: the quest for a civic order. Oxford, UK. Malden, MA: Blackwell. 2003. 40-43. Print.
Although, British Petroleum is one of the most well-known oil companies throughout the world, they have had many problems in their past. “In Alaska, home to one of BP’s longest-standing and most important business units, the company produced nearly twice as much oil as ConocoPhillips, the other major company operating there, but since 2000 it has also recorded nearly four times as many large spills of oil, chemicals or waste” (Lustgarten 2). That was just one example of how BP has bee...
At the four year mark of the Deep Water Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allows British Petroleum (BP) to drill for oil in the gulf once again. Many consumer advocate groups, chiefly Public Citizens, have voiced concerns over this decision. The lack of corporate accountability and oversight makes this decision seem unethical to these advocates groups. However, the company agrees to follow the agency’s ethic and safety procedure given the new leases. Yet, a series of accidents on its infrastructure makes reform seem doubtful for the company.
On a personal level, Burke’s assertions appear to support efforts for self-preservation because of his status in the social and political spheres of London. Because he was a Statesman, it was evidently easier for Edmund Burke to advocate slow changes for equality in France because he was already enjoying power in the British House of Commons (par. 32. The nlnlnlnlnlnlnlnlnlnlnlnlnlnln For that reason, Thomas Paine’s calls for democracy and liberty for the people of France are more appealing. Naturally, if the French needed time to elevate the social and political status of the commoners, then the Revolution would not have been necessary.
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill was the largest and most catastrophic scandal of the company to this day. Not only was it the largest scandal for BP, but it is also ranked the number two largest oil spill recorded in history. An astonishing 210 million gallons of oil spread 2,500 to 68,000 square miles in the Gulf of Mexico. It all started when BP contracted out to Transocean to drill for oil in the Gulf of Mexico. BP chose a spot that was supposed to be rich in oil and was rushing on a deadline and budget that they needed to meet. It is due to BP’s lack of risk analysis, following procedures, and cutting corners that 11 people were killed and 17 more were injured.
With technology constantly evolving, BP should have monitoring devices on the wells that will give them the ability to know when a piece of equipment is at the end of its life or if there is a disaster that is getting ready to happen to an oil well. For instance, the system that I support have monitoring software with the ability to notify someone through text, email, or alters to a computer monitor that an application has put out a critical error or that a piece of hardware has gone down. BP could have installed this type of technology on their wells. Another type of technology BP could have used is the different social media outlets to keep people inform about the improvements of the spill fix, clean up, and future actions that will be put into place to prevent the disaster from happening
At British Petroleum our goals are based upon our needs to foster and increase positive perceptions of our organization among employees and their families. We pride ourselves on setting the industry standard for drilling safety and employee retention in a worldwide market, however there is always room for improvement. British Petroleum seeks to bridge the business and workforce aspects of our company into more of a family like community. Our competitors are aware that we operate in a global market and bring on only the best for our worldwide team. Our workforce is one of the largest in the world, this is why aspire to cultivate that family like dynamic. After the Deepwater Horizon incident, our commitment to our employees undeniably impacted
Based on BP reaction to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, someone would have thought that was their first incident in the company’s history. BP should have had a better handle on the crisis especially because this is not their first incident with a major oil spill. Unfortunately, BP has been at the center of attention on more than one incident. 15 workers were killed at a BP refinery in Texas when it blew up in 2005. In Alaska, an oil pipeline broke and spilled 200,000 gallons of oil in the North Slope of Alaska (Mouawad, 2010). By far, Deepwater Horizon was their worst incident with 11 deaths, millions of gallons of oil spilled, thousands of individuals were affected and billions in damage were paid out in fines and victims. BP strategy to
BP spent millions of dollars per day to clean up the oil spill. It was estimated that BP was spending “$6 million a day on fixing the mess (Grant, J.K. 2011). In 2005, an explosion at BP’s Texas City oil refinery killed 15 people and injured more than180 people. The accident cost the firm US $2 billion in damages and lawsuits (Murry, B. 2010). According to the OSHA (United States Occupational safety and Health Administration) Citations 760 and 761 BP was responsible for wilful and flagrant violations of safety standards. It happened intentionally and showing indifference to its employees and are yet to pay the fines from Texas City explosion. CSR review BP Green washing Tulane Law review Dodd-Frank act whose role is to evaluate the company fraudulent claims of CSR (Cherry, M. A., & Sneirson, J. F. 2010). An approximated $134 million BP plans spend to address the damage it caused for the Deepwater Horizon Resource Damage Assessment Trustees that include to restore habitats for ospreys and other birds, protect sea turtles and rebuild fish populations ( Thompson, A. 2010). Explosion of BP refinery in Texas that caused 100 injuries and 15 deaths in 2005.Criminal charges due to spread of 270,000 gallons of crude oil in Alaskan tundra in 2006.Toxic spill of 2,000 gallons of methanol in the oil
Department of Commerce, 2010). In spite of this Act and the Obama administration’s criticism of the disaster, the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling denounced the government (Power & Tracy, 2010). According to Power and Tracy (2010), the commission maintained that the administration gave “too much credence to initial estimates that just 1,000 barrels of oil a day were flowing from the ruptured BP well” and allowed politics “to drive decisions such as how to deploy people and material.” In what may have been a response to these allegations, the Obama administration sued BP for violating environmental laws (Bloomberg L.P.,