Objectives
• To evaluate the difficulty of mining and reclamation
• To calculate costs, expenses, income, and profit from a hands-on mining exercise
• To evaluate the effectiveness of reclamation and its added costs to mining
• To describe the increasing rarity of some non-renewable mineral resources
Introduction
Minerals play an important role in our day-to-day life but we often not contemplate how the minerals are obtained. Minerals are scattered all over the world just like any other resources. Due to the natural processes of magma flow, hydrothermal gradients, sedimentation, and evaporation, Minerals are concentrated in various areas of the Earth’s crust. Obtaining these minerals for human use involves four general steps:
• Locating the minerals
• Then, extracting the minerals from the Earth in the form of ore or rock
• Then, processing (smelting) the ore to separate the impurities from the desired mineral
• Finally, creating a useful product from the minerals
Procedure
1. The area to mine was decided and purchased off on credit. The chosen area and cost are listed below:
Chips Ahoy™: $5.00
2. Then, mining equipment were rented. No hands were used for mining process. The mining equipment costs are
Flat Toothpick $2.00
Round Toothpick $5.00
Paperclip $7.00
Note: the replacement cost for broken tools is double the rental price.
3. After the purchase of land (cookie) and equipment, the cookie was placed on the graph paper and its outline was traced. Then, the initial topography of the region was determined and recorded (Turn the cookie on its side and draw the side-view).
4. The cost of mining and reclaiming my land (labor, etc.) was $2.00/minute. Both mining and reclamation were timed.
5. Work was done on ...
... middle of paper ...
...s this additional expense necessary? Why or why not?
Yes, this additional expense is necessary and mining affects the plant and animal population, hydrological cycle. And it’s necessary to maintain this for sustainable development.
Q5. Would you change your mining techniques in this activity? Why or why not? Were you "caught" by any “officials”?
No, I would not like to change my mining technique in this activity as I was able to extract minerals in a quick time. I was not caught by any officials.
Q6. The average copper ore mined in 1900 was five percent copper by weight. Copper ore mined in 1990 was approximately 0.5 percent copper by weight. What factors could account for this difference?
The different activities that could account for this difference are:
1. Consistent mining activity in this area.
2. Depletion of minerals.
3. Improper reclamation of land.
...plete report. Before this was done the mine blew up. In the end, the news story that broke was focused on union campaign contributions and not on mine safety.
...sumption, creates emission of greenhouse gases and other harmful chemical materials. Once released into the air, it can cause environmental problems, which in turn threatens not only the environment, but also the health of the people who live in it. In order to reduce the use of energy to help protect our planet and our health, the diamond mining industry has implemented renewable energy programs to monitor energy and carbon emission. Since its beginning, mining company PHP Billiton program has saved an equivalent of one million liters of diesel fuel per year at their Ekati Diamond Mine in Canada’s Northwest Territories. The health of the environment and the health of humanity are as one. Whatever we do to our planet, we do to ourselves. Reducing energy consumption of diamond mining not only helps protect our planet, but also helps protect the health of our people.
In order to find the benefits and hazards of mountaintop removal mining in West Virginia, I used the various resources and gathered information from both sides of the questions posed, including economical benefits such as earnings, and environmental hazards such as ongoing experiments to clean up acid mine drainage. And some opinions written and expressed in newspaper articles and magazines.
2. If the department that produces Item 345 was a profit center and if you were
the iron ore to iron. In the other cases of metals the most common way
If done right, I believe that all of the costs can be allocated to each of the three products through both direct and overhead costs. The only direct costs that are being included currently are labor and manufacturing costs. I broke up overhead into overhead based off direct labor and overhead based on units sold.
...t concluded that the amount of expenditure for the companies, collectively, was over $55 billion.(Lannin 2013). According to Terry Heymman, who is a member of this council, the amount also included payments to communities, payments to employers and employees, to businesses and suppliers and governments. (Gold 2013). Terry Heymman also stated that the benefits of gold mining are so great, they can't be measured; even the economy benefits from gold mining, royalties are everywhere, making up a huge section of the government's total revenue (Lannin 2013). Also, a few of the top members of a Wisconsin sand mining industry aimed to improve the association standards by creating a strict code of conduct. Even though they already had high levels of environmental protection, management and safety, they wanted to improve them, they aimed for self-regulation. (Rivedal 2012)
Cost allocation is the process of identifying, aggregating, and assigning of cost to various separate activities. There is no overly precise method of charging cost to objects, hence resulting to approximate methods being used to do so. Amongst the approximation basis used includes square footage, headcount, cost of assets employed, and electricity usage amongst others. The main aim of cost allocation is to spread cost in the fairest possible method and also to impact the behavior pattern of the cost.
Lins, C., & Horwitz, E. (2007). Sustainability in the Mining Sector. Retrieved November 6, 2017, from http://www.fbds.org.br/IMG/pdf/doc-295.pdf
We are first introduced to their subsidiary in Mozambique, which is suffering from an uncooperative local manager and generally low productivity. Second, we face a challenge in the Tanzanian subsidiary, which has a problem with employees stealing beryllium in the mines.
Though it has had many negative impacts on the environment in the past, mining is a vital industry completely necessary to our economy and lives. Nearly every item we use or encounter in our day to day lives is mined or contains mined products. Without the excavation of such materials things like computers, televisions, large building structures, electricity, and cars would not be possible. Virtually every technological and medical advance uses minded materials, without which millions would suffer. Some examples of minerals in the home include the telephone which is made from as many as 42 different minerals, including aluminum, beryllium, coal, copper, gold, iron, silver, and talc. A television requires over 35 different minerals, and more than 30 minerals are needed to make a single personal computer. Without boron, copper, gold and quartz, your digital alarm clock would not work. Every American uses an average 47,000 pounds of newly mined materials each year, which is higher than all other countries with the exception of Japan, which is a staggering figure representative of our dependence and need for mined minerals. Coal makes up more than half of nation’s electricity, and will continue to be the largest electrical supplier into 2020 & accounting for some 95 percent of the nation's fossil energy reserves – nine of every ten short-tons of coal mined in the United States is used for electricity generation. As the population of the world grows more mineral resources must be exploited through mining in order to support the rising demand for such products. Though it may present a hazard to the environment and those physically located nears the mines, the materials extracted from mines...
of land, 24,000 sq m of floor space and a work force of over 600 to
The field of geology has many different branches. Some of these areas have hardly anything in common. The one thing that they all include, though, is that each one concentrates on some part of the Earth, its makeup, or that of other planets. Mineralogy, the study of minerals above the Earth and in its crust, is different from Petrology, the st...
The indirect impact of the mining industry has been huge in terms of funding for things like skill development through education and training, there is also provision made for social services in the mines (e.g. health care for the employees of the mines and their families, housing, school etc.) and the contribution the national economy.
In our days, mining for resources is inevitable. The resources we need are valuable in everyday life. Such resources mined up are coal, copper, gold, silver, and sand. However, mining poses environmental risks that can degrade the quality of soil and water, which can end up effecting us humans if not taken care of and many of the damages are irreversible once they have occurred.