Ottoman-Safavid Wars
Ottomans and Safavid were engaged in a series of wars during 16th and 19th century. The ottomans emerged in what is today turkey in 15 century and gradually came into conflict with the rising Persian state. The Safavid and ottomans were arch rivals, they have different religious orthodoxy, divided by religious ground, and the Ottomans were Sunni while the Safavid were Shia. A series of military conflicts ensued for centuries during which the two empires competed for control over eastern Anatolia, the Caucasus and Iraq.
Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555
The main cause of this war was a territorial dispute, especially when the Bay of Bitlis decided to put himself under Persian protection. The ottoman led by Suleiman and
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The Safavid lost eastern Anatolia and Iraq; as resulted, the Safavid moved toward treaties and agreement, thus, a new scenario formed in which ottoman and Safavid ended war and agreed over terms and condition. The treaty of Amasya signed in 1555 and Safavid retake Eastern Anatolia.
Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603-1618
Abbas I of Persia and the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Ahmed I fought a war and Safavid remained successful. It began in 1603 and ended with a decisive Safavid victory in 1618. At the end of the war, Persia had regained and reestablished its suzerainty over the Caucasus and Mesopotamia.
Agreements and Treaties
The two Gun Powder empires, The Safavid and Ottoman; based on religious identity fought many wars because of different religious views, one based on Sunni ideology and second on Shia ideology. In 16th century, relations established between Ottoman and Safavid through many peace treaties. 1639, Safavid Persia and Ottoman Empire signed the Treaty of Zuhab which recognized Iraq in Ottoman control, and decisively parted the Caucasus in two between the two empires. For most of it, the Zuhab treaty was a consolidation of the Peace of Amasya of about a century
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Both empires agreed to end the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1578–1590.Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), members from Safavid dynasty and ottoman met and the treaty signed on 21 March 1590. When the Safavid Empire was week, the Ottomans, then ruled by Murad III, invaded the Safavid land in Georgia. Safavid king Abbas I, who had ascended the throne in 1588, opted for unconditional peace, which lead to the treaty. The treaty put an end to 12 years of hostilities between the two arch rivals. While both the war and the treaty were a success for the Ottomans, and severely disadvantageous for the Safavid, the new status quo proved to be short lived, as by the next bout of hostilities, several years later, all Safavid losses were
The political structure of the Arabian and Byzantine empires greatly differed from each other. The Arabian empire was ruled over by a Caliphate. The Caliphate was the successor to the great prophet Muhammad. Politically, the Caliphate sometimes caused trouble for the stability of the empire. With multiple groups such as the Umayyad and the Abbasid believing the were in charge of the Caliphate led to conflicts and violence. An example of conflict would be towards the end of the Abbasid empire when the death of Harun al-Rashid brought several full scale revolutions. Another example would be at the beginning of Abbasid empire when they went as far as too kill off all of the remaining Umayyad leaders to sustain full control with little to no interference. Politically, the Arab/Muslim empire stretched from India and the Middle East into the Africa, the Mediterranean, and Iberia. They also had a large influence in Southeast Asia. When they conquered these areas, there was no forced conversion. On the other hand, they did enforce a higher tax for non-Muslims which prompted people to convert. Only later were there violently forced conversions. A testimony to this would be when the Muslims invaded India and did not touch the Buddhist or Hindus already there. They even respected the Hindu leadership and allowed them to continue. The Muslim empire was successful in other parts of the world due to tolerance, and continued to operate in the face of power struggles.
How does one region have a prolonged battle for authority, and conflict with the opposing force for eternity? After the Ottoman Empire sided the Central Powers during World War I, they didn’t foresee that they would lose their empire based off of this decision. European countries that won the war came in and partitioned the Middle Eastern region. Soon after the Sykes-Picot Agreement was established, and the Arabs felt betrayed because they weren't granted their deserved independence. The new borders set caused continuous conflict because of the artificial blending of different ethnic and religious groups.
The Persian War stemmed from the Ionian Revolt which began in 499 BC. The Ionians became a part of the Persian Empire in 546 BC, but after many years desired to break away from this forced bond. Therefore, the Ionians sought help from the mainland Greeks. The Athenians and Eretrians responded by sending ships, but eventually became more involved. "What began as a relatively minor involvement in the revolt became more serious when the Athenian and Eretrian forces aided in a surprise attack on Sardis, during which the city was set afire" (Demand 1996, 184). Although the Ionian revolt was ultimately unsuccessful, it sparked the anger of Darius, the King of Persia, that the Athenians dared to interfere with his vast empire. Herodotus writes he was so angry that he "ordered one of his servants to say to him three times every day before dinner, 'Sire, remember the Athenians" (Hdt. 5.105.2). Whether Darius really said this is questionable, but it is clear that either to exact venge...
The Ottoman Empire was a large empire that lasted for several hundred years. They were primarily Sunni Muslims and they were led by the Sultan. Over time, they had a long decline, mostly because they hadn’t progressed with the times. France and Britain were getting very involved with their affairs in Egypt. By the late 1800’s most of the Ottoman Empire was gone. During World War One (WWI), in 1916, the Arabs helped Great Britain to defeat the Ottoman Empire. In 1918 the Ottomans surrendered and their empire was dissolved. When mandates were established it caused nationalist ro revolt. General Mustafa
The Greco-Persian Wars. Oxford University Press.
The Ottoman Empire was one of the longest running empires in history, spanning 624 years. The women of the Ottoman empire were often limited to the household of their husband’s and held back by Ottoman lawmakers and authorities. The point of view of outsiders was varied, but there were both positive and negative views.
Prior to the introduction of Islam, the Arabian Peninsula was made of Tribes. Fighting between these tribes was common as resources were scarce. This created a culture based around continuous warfare. According to the text, “The widespread experience of Arabs in warfare was to be a significant factor in the early expansion of Islam” (Cleveland 7). Another factor, which helped in the spread of Islam, was simply timing. These empires emerged at a time when the rest of the world was relatively weak. The two prevailing Empires preceding the rise of Islam, the Byz...
To my understanding of the reading, the Persian war was a result of the tyrant of Miletus, Histiaeus, backstabbing king Darius of Persia. Histiaeus was supposed to conquer Sardinia and place them under the control of Persia but instead he planned of claiming Sardinia for himself. Histiaeus writes a
The Greco-Persian Wars (499-449 BCE) was a conflict between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and the Greek city states, which began when Cyrus the Great
Spielvogel, Jackson J. "The Muslim Empires: The Ottoman Empire.” Glencoe World History. New York, NY: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2005. p.484-489. Print.
The 16th century was a time when Islamic leaders of the world fought and conquered the lands of other cultures to spread their beliefs while using their military strength to gain political control. Europe, Spain, Northern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Persia, and parts of Asia were all affected. This religion rose to a great power as three major theocratic governments. Supreme rulers included the Mughal Empire, the Safavid Dynasty, and the Ottoman Empire. Each sovereignty, though they shared a common faith of Islam and strong military powers, was not in agreement with how they sustained their states. From 1500 CE to 1600 CE all three overlap, though are most importantly, separated geographically and obtained levels of power that also differentiated.
The Ottoman Empire were Muslims and included Hungary, Syria, Egypt, Bulgaria, and Albania, and they marched on land. The Ottoman Empire is said to have first appeared somewhere around the 1300’s, and can be related to the decline of the Byzantine Empire. They began conquering Christian lands and by the late 1600’s all Christians were afraid of the “terrible Turk”. It is no wonder that many other people were afraid of the Ottoman Empire since they seem to be really rather powerful and they conquered a lot of land. It was in the 1330’s when the Morroccan Abu Abdallah Ibn Battuta passed through Constantinople and became impressed with the Ottomans who seemed to be gaining power rather quickly, he noticed that they had close to 100 forts and
One of the main reasons for the decline of the Safavid Empire was the religious difference between the Shi’a and Sunni factions of the Islamic religion. Shah Ismail, the heroic founder of the Safavid dynasty, declared the
The Ottomans and Spanish built flourishing empires based on different philosophies from 1450 to 1800. The Ottoman and Spanish were two powerful empires during that time. During the building of the two empires, the Spanish and the Ottoman both developed similarities in their social, political, and economic structures. The Ottoman took control of Europe, while the Spanish saw it as easy to monitor new lands. The different tactics employed made the both empires flourish. For instance, the Spanish were not tolerant of religion. They conquered other areas with the aim of converting Christians to Islam, if they refused, they would be killed. On the other hand, the Ottoman leaders incorporated leaders of diverse culture
The Persian War was a war between the Greeks and the Persians. Even though the Greeks were still not united they fought to defend each territory that was theirs. The Peloponnesian war was a war among the Greek city states. That is the difference among the two; one was fought against an enemy who attacked the Greece land and the other was fought among the Greeks themselves. The Persian War begun because the Greeks made a military rebellion in Asia Minor which caused the Persians to face more conflicts themselves. This was known as the Ionian Revolt. After the Ionian Revolt, the Persians more than ever wanted to take over Greece Eventually leading to the Persian War. This was the reason why the Persian war began, basically of revenge. The major parties involved in the conflict of this war were the Persians and the Greek city states.