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The US civil rights movement
Civil Rights movement in the USA
The US civil rights movement
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The documentary “Dolores” narrated the experiences and passionate work of civil rights activist Dolores Huerta. Dolores dedicated most of her life to the United Farm Workers organization. She fought for workers rights and equality in the latino community. One of the biggest causes Dolores fought against was the mistreatment of farm workers. In a conflict theorist perspective, agribusiness profits off minorities, which in this case was the latino workers. Agribusiness as whole depends on the growers, which are the managers of the company, and farm workers. In this split labor market, growers continuously exploited farm workers. With poor working conditions and inadequate housing, they were one of the lowest paid workers in general. In one instance, …show more content…
Conditions were so poor, farm worker got paid 90 cents per hour. Growers often told them they were highly replaceable, if they did not like the horrible working conditions, someone else would be ready to take their place. A high amount of workers added with low pay resulted the great amounts of profit to the growers. Dolores saw this discrimination and unequal distribution of power, and pushed for better working conditions for farmers. Early on as an activist, Dolores encountered a lot of sexism. Dolores worked alongside with Cesar Chavez. Even though Dolores did most of the work for the UFA, Cesar Chavez was the face of the organization. In a sense Dolores, since she was a woman, was not able to break through the glass ceiling. She was often criticized about her personal life, she divorced a couple of times and had several kids. This tied into the role strain that she experienced. In traditional terms women are supposed to take care of the children, be the mothers of the family, but since Dolores dedicated most of her life as an activist, she was often judged of her place in the organization. In contrast Cesar Chavez, a man, he did not experience that type of treatment. This flawed social structure was what made Dolores support other causes such as
The strike was the final straw of years of racial build up, poor pay, and poor conditions towards Filipino American grape workers. From 1965 to 1970, Huerta and Chavez worked together to highlight the poor conditions that 5,000 migrant farm workers were dealing with in a series of non-violent marches, speeches, and rallies. There was no significant response for the first two years, where strikers began to loose faith and turned their impatience to anger. Huerta, with the help of Chavez, took on a different tactic towards the boycott and began to spread the strike nationally. Huerta encouraged and helped farmers travel across the United States and Canada, spreading the news on what was really happening and asking for more
They were forced to go out to work and make a rapid transition into adulthood. In these work places they, like any other adult, had a limited amount of time to eat. Patience Kershaw, a miner at the age of 17 recalls having cake for dinner- in inadequate dinner- and she does “not stop or rest at any time for the purpose” referring to her inability to eat throughout the day . She of course is not the only one, Elizabeth Bentley who works in the mills was asked whether she had the opportunity to eat in the factory. The 23 year old who began working at the age of 6 replied with a “no” saying how she had little to eat. The human rights were furthermore diminished as I read further on about the consequences there were if a child were to arrive late to work or became drowsy. Clearly the long hours and often times the long travel from home to work would severely tire anyone, to keep the kids under control and alert while working, the over lookers resorted to strapping them “when they became drowsy”. Matthew Crabtree explains the dread that these kids had of getting beaten, due to the fear they had we can infer that the means of physical abuse was prevalent in these factories. In the mines the young girls and women had to adapt to the conditions of their workplace. The vigorous lifting and loading was a strenuous activity done by both sexes, males worked naked to combat heat while females also worked
Wendell Berry writes in his book, “What are people for?” a thesis that modern culture is destroying the agricultural culture. He feels that technology is seen and used as the easy way to produce food faster and more efficiently. With this modern way of farming comes the idea that we need to work smarter not harder which is not always true. The goal is comfort and leisure and Berry feels that this is the reason for the down fall of the agricultural culture. He believes that hard work and pride in workmanship is more important than material goods and money. This was by no means a perfect society. The people had often been violent wand wasteful in the use of land of each other. Its present ills have already taken root in it. Even with these faults, this society appreciated the hard work of farming compared to the easy way of living today.
With pure intension the people understood a bit more what Cesar Chavez was trying to do. They saw that he was not only fighting for equality but for other things as well. They also saw that he would do almost anything to be able to reach that goal. Cesar Chavez proved that he would do almost anything when they protested with the 250 mile
The traditions my parents instilled in me at a young age are important to me. They are part of my Latin culture and identity. One of the most important traditions that I value the most is our devotion to “La Virgen de Guadalupe” (The Virgin of Guadalupe), and although I don't go to church or share a specific a religion, I believe in La Virgen as a protector and a guardian figure and maintain her presence in my daily life.
Filipinos asked Cesar Chavez, who led the majority of Latino farm workers, the National Association of agricultural workers to join the strike. Cesar Chavez and NFWA leaders believe they would be years before his fledgling Union, were ready to strike. Filipino union joined in Independence Day of Mexico. Cesar chavez decided the only good way to stop violence in the union was to quit eating, and the only thing he would consume was water. CEsar Chavez in 25 days he already lost 35 pounds, those 25 days without consuming anything. ("Delano Grape Strike and Boycott." UFW: The Official Web Page of the United Farm Workers of America. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2016.)
was that he wished she had been a boy. Her high hope of working with her husband
On the other hand, the farm worker’s movement started with disagreements among workers on the wages earned, harsh treatments and the conditions they worked in. As they grew tired of their situation, the workers attended meetings organized by the National Farm Workers Association(NFWA) to strike against the unjust labor conditions they faced. Primary leaders of the walkout, César Chávez and Dolores Huerta, instructed labor organizers to recruit more members, encouraging field workers, sometimes embarrassing them, to signing into the union. Thus, it created a strong unified stand and because they needed as much aid as they could get to fight against growers with power and money. Mexican Americans began to outcry in the fields, holding up signs to fight against their problems and hopefully negotiate with growers to solving their problems. As they protested, growers ignored their requests and brought more people in busloads from Mexico to replace the workers. Since Mexican American protesters were prohibited to enter the fields hence, they objected in front of markets where grapes were sold. They commenced to boycott grapes in public to aware people of their struggles in the fields by
Agricultural engineers in 1961 developed a mechanical tomato picker that would gently pick up the tomato and place it inside a box and mechanical thumb when pressed would pick up the lettuce. Mechanical tree was developed by agricultural scientist which would shake fruit and nuts off a tree. A labor shortage occurred in California which resulted Mexican immigrants being imported to California to work in agricultural. The United States Department of Agricultural were in charge of “recruiting, contracting, transportation, housing, feeding temporary immigrant farm worker” (pg. 374) known as the bracero program but the government and growers disregarded the act. Since the 1920s, about 58,000 Mexican migrated to the central valley working on the cotton field. The Bracero program stricken with poverty, poor wages, destroyed the bargaining of domestic workers and drove away local labor. Cesar Chavez formed the national farm workers Association (NFWA) with co-founder Dolores Huerta who was a labor organizer and a community activist. The
While Dolores Huerta would work at CSO she organized and founded the Agricultural Workers Association in 1960 .In 1962, the CSO turned down her and Cesar Chavez’s request, to organize farm workers, her and Cesar Chavez resigned from the CSO. After that happen she went to go work for the National Farm Workers Association which would later be known or become the United Farm Workers Organization. Dolores Huerta was a big key and important to the growth of this organization that she was in. Dolores Huerta was the main person besides Cesar Chavez at the United Farm Workers who worked with employers and there organized strikes,boycotts and marches for the farm workers. For over about 40 years she devoted her time into improving the
3. Dolores Huerta was the main negotiator during the Delano grape strike. In 1965 Dolores Huerta and Cesar Chavez were approached by Filipino members of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee ("AWOC"). AWOC wanted higher wages from the Delano are grape growers. AWOC wanted to negotiate new contracts with their employers but they needed the help of Huerta and Chavez. The NFWA was still new and growing although Huerta thought that NFWA was not ready to attack corporate America she could not refuse to help AWOC. The two unions formed into one union called United Farm Workers union. Under this the union Dolores began the battle with the Delano grape growers. Dolores organized over 5,000 workers to walk off their job and to strike until they could reach an agreement with their employers.
On the Tanaka Farm, Holmes found an ethnic hierarchy existed that affected how jobs, housing, and resources were distributed among the workers. Located at the top of the ethnic hierarchy, Japanese Americans and White individuals exclusively held positions as farming executives. These individuals mainly focus on maintaining the business and earning profit; they have flexible schedules, work indoors, and are financially secure (Holmes 2013). White individuals also held positions as administrative assistants, crop managers, and checkers. While administrative assistants were paid minimum wage, they worked closely with farming executives and had access to lunch and bathroom breaks. Crop managers who oversaw the labor force and were in charge of
During the 1920’s not everyone had participated in the consumer economy, especially the minority. Because of the increase in industry, those who worked in an agricultural based environment had suffered, “Despite agricultural overproduction and successive attempts in Congress to provide relief,... an ongoing depression. Large surpluses were accompanied by falling prices at a time when American farmers were burdened by heavy debt” (Poverty in the 1920s). As of the results of the transition from agricultural over to industrial, the wealth was not being equally distributed. Farmers depended on consumers to buy their goods, and due to the transition, the burden and the struggle to pay off debt was left for the farmers to deal with. Going off of that. In “Victimizing the Farmer” the document explains that “ ...for the farmer will never regain prosperity until farm products sell as high with relation to the general price level as before the war”(Capper 5). Subsequently, farmers did not get a part of the riches. They have provided for citizens for ages, and now they no longer are able to have anything to provide for their own
The National Farm Association was co-founded by Cesar Chavez and Gil Padilla. The main purpose of this association was to seek and enforce Mexican-American labor laws. Such as reasonable work hours and pay an individual receives. To get their message across, many formed marches, boycotts, and strikes. With these forms of expression, people started to hear the voices of those wanting a change in El Movimiento.
Women used to be the mothers who always took care of the family.