ABSTRACT
The dyes & dye intermediate industry consumes large quantity of water & produce large volume of wastewater from different generated steps in dyeing process. The effluents generated are heavily coloured & contain high COD/BOD value. The effluent causes depletion of dissolved oxygen which has an adverse effect on the aquatic ecological system. There are certain physio-chemical, biological & advanced wastewater treatment technologies which are helpful in wastewater treatment of dye industry such as ion-exchange, adsorption, coagulation, R.O, chemical precipitation & electrocoagulation. Since electrocoagulation is very effective in removing dyes from large volumes of effluents & low in cost so it is mostly used. The main advantage of
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It also decreases the amount of sludge, which needs to be disposed. Electrocoagulation is a technology that removes components from wastewater by applying a strong electric field that produces a series of oxidation and reduction reactions. By decomposing the electrodes, the metallic ions produced are subject to fast hydrolysis and the products of the hydrolysis neutralize the charge of the suspended particles driving them to a fast coagulation and sedimentation. Electrodes consist of iron and aluminium have special coagulation properties and are very efficient in decolouring industrial wastewater. In recent years, the EC has been successfully tested to decolourization of dye-containing solutions. Applied electrodes in EC process are usually iron or aluminium. The dye in coloured wastewater is coagulated by iron and aluminium hydrates or hydroxides produced from the sacrificial anode. EC technology, compared with other techniques, enjoys some advantages like plain equipment, easy functionality, short resistance time, no need of chemicals, low sludge production, sludge stability, suitable sedimentation of sludge, dewatering and environmental compatibility. EC process is being used for the removal of ions, organic matters, colloidal and suspended particles, dyes, oil and heavy metals from aqueous
Two solutions were prepared by using Calcium Nitrate Ca(〖NO_3)〗_2 with concentration of 0.101 M, Potassium Iodate KIO_3 with concentration of 0.100 M, and deionized water. First solution contained 25.0 mL of Calcium Nitrate and 25.0 mL of Potassium Iodate. In the second solution, 15.0 mL of deionized water were added with 10.0 mL Calcium Nitrate and 25.0 mL of Potassium Iodate. Each of these solutions was mixed for 15 minutes. After the reaction of the solutions took place, each of the solutions was filtered. To remove water liquid from the filtered solution, both of the precipitates in the
Recently, water shortage problem becomes more and more serious in the world [1]. The desire to make a drinking water by treating a ground water, a surface water, a sea water and so on has been increasing. An electrodialysis (ED) is one of the useful methods and has applied to make the drinking water as well as RO and NF membranes [2~5].
Electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, is a highly effective yet controversial psychiatric method that involves sending electric shockwaves into the brain to cure various mental ailments. Because the populace is not typically educated by psychiatrists on techniques such as ECT, their knowledge comes from inaccurate, and mostly negative, descriptions in the media dictated by non-psychiatrists. Additionally, many patient families are skeptical of ECT because it is not common practice to allow non-medical staff in the therapy room. Furthermore, some psychiatrists perceive this treatment as callous because it is occasionally used without the consent of a patient, should they not be mentally stable. Moreover, because of strong public opposition, ECT
Epilepsy, also known as “seizure disorder,” or “seizure attack,” is the fourth most common neurological disorder known to mankind, affecting an estimated 2.3 million adults and 467,711 children in the United States. Unfortunately this disorder is becoming far more common and widespread worldwide. This staggering number of cases of people suffering from Epilepsy also involves an average growth rate of 150,000 new cases each year in the United States alone. Generally, many of the people who develop who are a part of the new are mainly either young children or older adults. Your brain communicates through chemical and electrical signals that are all specialized for specific tasks. However, through the process of communication, chemical messengers, also known as neurotransmitters can suddenly fail, resulting in what is known as a seizure attack. Epilepsy occurs when a few too many brain cells become excited, or activated simultaneously, so that the brain cannot function properly and to it’s highest potential. Epilepsy is characterized when there is an abnormal imbalance in the chemical activity of the brain, leading to a disruption in the electrical activity of the brain. This disruption specifically occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), which is the part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal cord. This causes an interruption in communication between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons; between the axon of one neuron, the message sender and the dendrite of another neuron, the message recipient. Consequently, the effects that epileptic seizures may induce may range anywhere from mild to severe, life-threatening ramifications and complications. There are many different types of seizures associa...
Electrolytes are substances that have the capacity to conduct electricity when it is dissolved in water. In an “electrolytic solution”, if two electrodes, one being positive and the other negative, are placed in the solution then ions have the ability to transport free electrons to and from both of the electrodes. Electrolytes have the ability to created currents, however a stronger electrolytes will be able to conduct more current than a weaker electrolytes. Acids in a solution are good electrolytes since the acids supply the solution with hydrogen ions. If a solution contains organic compound has sugar or starch, then that solution won’t conduct electricity well since organic compounds are contributing as many hydrogen ions as acids. Electrolytes can be found in modern technology and allow them to function for example power watches, cars, and flashlight rely on electrolytes to be able to function. In these
Saving lives this is what EMTs do every day, being a EMT is a hard job knowing that if you mess up someone could die or be seriously injured. How much work does it take to be a EMT because it seems like a hard job.EMTs takes lots of training like going to school then going on a ride along and field work then doing test to see if they have enough training to get a EMT license. “There were approximately 239,000 EMTs and paramedics in 2012” (https://www.thebalance.com/emt-and-paramedic-526010) being a emt is a very hard job some emt have to work up to 24 hours in a single shift and then have a couple days break to rest and sleep.
Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) is a wastewater treatment method that provides as smart alternative to the conventional primary treatment. It can also be used as a proficient preliminary step of the biological secondary treatment processes. CEPT embraces coagulation and flocculation, and it accomplishes remarkable increases in the pollutants removal from the influent (Ødegaard, 1989; Rashed et al., 1997; Ayoub et al., 2013; Rashed et al., 2013a; Rashed et al., 2013b). Chemical precipitation is the technique of CEPT process, the main idea of chemical precipitation that it converts soluble substances to insoluble particles, which can be flocculated and separated from the liquid. Removal efficiencies depend on mixing times, mixing
Chemicals: Ultrapure water with an electrical conductivity of 18.2 MΩ cm-1 produced from nano-filter (EMD Millipore Corporation, UK) was used for cleaning, making solutions, and doing electrochemical measurements. Cleaning solvents such as ethanol was purposed from Decon Laboratories (USA), acetone was purposed from Fisher Chemicals, USA, and isopropanol was purchased from Macron Fine Chemicals, USA. Chloroauric acid, hydrogen chloride, nitric acid, sodium phosphate monobasic, and sodium phosphate bibasic were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. L-ascorbic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA
Membrane filtration is a filtration technique can well performance in remove color, AOX and COD from paper mill wastewater. Researchers find out that if membrane filtration combine with dissolved air flotation can result a much higher percentage removal of TOC, color and suspended solid. Also, membrane filtration is good for heavy metal removal.
An example of a device that uses electrolysis is a rechargeable battery. Electrolysis consists of an electric current passing through a liquid, causing chemical reactions to occur within the liquid. Another example of electrolysis in the real world is the process of electroplating. In electroplating, chemicals are put in water and through electrolysis he chemicals or compounds in the liquid adhere to the metal being electroplated. Electrolysis can also be used to separate compounds and purify impure substances. Purifying a substances is achieved by separating the desired parts of a substance from the impure or unwanted sections through electrolysis. The process of electrolysis can also change the pH of a solution (Wolfson,
Electrolysis is the only permanent hair removal methods that can help you achieve and maintain a smooth, hair-free beautiful aspects. This is a convenient, low-Charge strategy to refresh your image, increase your confidence and enhance Your enjoyment of life everyday.
The human circulatory system, or cardiovascular system, is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels. The circulatory system has three functions: transportation of substances, protection from disease and regulation of temperature. The heart pumps blood to our body tissues via a network of blood vessels. Humans have a closed circulatory system that is in two parts; the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation. The systemic system carries oxygenated blood around the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart, the pulmonary system carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and the oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.
Now-a-days, the demand of textile products have increased dramatically and the latter caused proportional increase in textile industry and its wastewaters in India. There are more than 800 dyeing, bleaching and textile processing industries in Tiruppur that generate over 1,00,000 m3/day of textile effluent (Ranganathan et al., 2007). The dyeing process is carried out in aqueous bath with pH variations of 4 - 12. Various classes of dye stuffs are used to colour the processed cloth depending upon the specific requirement which include vat dyes, naphthols, sulphur dyes, direct dyes etc. The release of dyesinto the environment during textile fiber dyeing and finishing processes is a main source of water pollution. Individual wastewater treatment through physical, chemical or biological method is often very costly and results in large amount of
There are many methods to treat a remediation site: 1) Physical 2) Chemical 3) Biological. Studies suggest that majority of contaminants are removed by Physical and Chemical Methods then biological Method is employed. Complete biological approach is yet to be used for maximum removal of the contaminants.
This filtration system serves the same purpose, and had the ability to remove chemical components like lead and arsenic from the raw water. This is shaping up to be a cheap and effective filtration system to help the process of purifying water. Researchers in Mumbai, India discussed how here are several approaches to the purification of water with the use of nanotechnology that are currently being investigated and have the potential to be ready for use very soon, and some that are already being implemented into the