En Colombia, debido a la nueva Constitución Política de 1991, en la que el país se reconoce como una nación multilingüe y pluricultural, se evidenció la necesidad de implementar un modelo de educación intercultural bilingüe1 en las zonas en que habitan comunidades minoritarias, y así, dar cumplimiento al artículo 8 de esta nueva constitución2. Posteriormente, el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN) implementa el Programa Nacional de Bilingüismo, el cual no sólo estipula lineamientos respecto al bilingüismo inglés-español, sino también al bilingüismo de lenguas nativas y español. Sin embargo, este impulso se ha visto fuertemente opacado por algunos factores como la errónea noción que normalmente se le atribuye a la palabra bilingüismo o por la aculturización que en muchos casos representa la escuela para nuestras comunidades étnicas.
Se entiende por minoría étnica, aquel grupo humano numéricamente menor que el resto de la población, el cual posee lengua, raza, costumbres, dialecto, religión u origen histórico característicos, y que además, suelen identificarse con ciertos territorios propios. En Colombia, existen 88 comunidades étnicas, de las cuales se distinguen cuatro grandes clasificaciones: la comunidad negra o afrodescendiente, que habita mayormente en las costas, tanto pacífica, como atlántica y también en los valles interandinos; la comunidad raizal, que habita en el Archipiélago de San Andrés y Providencia y en la zona de Palenque; la comunidad indígena, de la cual se distinguen 81 pueblos en todo el territorio nacional; y el pueblo Rom o gitano.
Lo anterior indica que nuestro país ha contando desde tiempos inmemorables con una gran variedad y riqueza cultural, pero que, desafortunadamente, ha pasado desapercibida. Ad...
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...mita a los habitantes reclamar los derechos que les con concedidos por medio de estas.
Works Cited
Constitución política de Colombia (1991)
Grimaldo, J.C. (2013). Avances y proyección del Programa Nacional de Bilinguismo. Memorias: Congreso Latinoamericano de Bilinguismo. Armenia, Quindío.
Ley general de educación (1984)
Ley de lenguas nativas (2010)
MEN. Lineamientos generales de educación indígena. VI edición. 1987.
Pulido, Y. (2012). La etnoeducación bilingüe: logro político y desafío para las etnias. Bogotá: Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Facultad de Humanidades.
Rojas, T. (1998). La etnoeducación en Colombia: un trecho andado y un largo camino por recorrer. Palabra y Cultura, Nº 19, 40-43.
Truscott, A. & Fonseca, L. (2009). Orientaciones para políticas bilingües y multilingües en lenguas extranjeras en Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
The following paper will be comparative of the cultures and ideas of the Americans and the Spanish. It will be primarily referring to the paper “Lived Ethnicity: Archaeology and Identity in Mexicano America, by Bonnie J. Clark”. The similarities as well as the differences will be discussed. After the comparisons and contrasts have been established, there will be a prediction of what will happen when these two cultures meet and begin to interact with one another.
Most people who grow up with a foreign language spoken in there house grow up with an advantage in society. This advantage can only occur once the individual learning that foreign language also learns the dominant language spoken in that country. Once both of these languages are learned and mastered, the individual has now placed them se...
This essay will demonstrate the research that is implemented on children with bilingual ability; discussing three main issues in bilingualism which is: the maintaining children’s first language, social and cognitive benefits, also why bilingualism should be in cooperated into school programming/curriculum.
I feel that although it was a difficult move, I am happy that my parents decided to move me to a Bilingual Program. Now, I could ask my teachers questions in Spanish about the words or things I didn’t understand. This helped me get more knowledge in English and to have a better vocabulary. I am proud to be bilingual for many reasons. However, in this paper, I will only explain three of the reasons.
The technique relies on a holistic approach that adopts instructions that allow students to actively participate in the learning process. This is easier for children that feel that the society appreciates their diversity through bilingualism and biliteracy. The society and parents need to encourage children to take up bilingual classes because they offer a lot of benefit to the society through favoring critical thinking, rationality, and sensitivity to other cultures, empathy, and detached or balanced awareness. However, Sonia Nieto mirrors a society that is made to fake being American and become ashamed of their family. It helps appreciate that it is not by choice that anyone speaks any other language as the first language and that the society and community influence the language of choice. Therefore, bilingualism cannot be detached from any community that freely promotes and accommodate the language spoken by the other community. Children and community members learn each other’s language without disregarding each other favoring effective learning that influences bilingualism and biliteracy in the long
Language is a mean of communication in any given society. It represents the ability to evolve and progress through the ongoing process of living with other human beings. Many can perceive this instrument as tool of liberation and transformation but others as an instrument to enslave, manipulate or oppress a group of people. Whichever the case one need to acknowledge that it is necessary and not a waste of time the many different discussions about this ongoing topic regardless of the time period or social context any country might have. In Puerto Rico, there has been an ongoing dilemma about languages; Dr. Alicia Pousada examines on her essay what many might define “the language madness on the island”. Throughout this paper some of her most interesting ideas will be shared and discussed so that this already extended topic might find another page to take place.
A large number of people in the Hispanic community whether Hispanics are not able to get the English literacy skills that they need not because they want to keep born in Latin America or the United States, speak Spanish primarily. This is basically because in present day time, Hispanics are more likely to pass Spanish to their kids now than they have done in the past. (Ortiz, P.149) This is seen as a social problem, especially because of the fact that there is an increasing demand that English should only be taught in public school and it should also be spoken within the Spanish community. Even though Hispanics do speak a lot of Spanish most of the time, they still do learn English also, especially the young. But, because of the large flow of immigrants, the use of Spanish is used more often because they are constantly encountering immigrants who speak no English. (Ortiz, P. 150) Before hand there has been said to have been lower achievements when Hispanics make frequent use of the Spanish la...
In the article, “Public and Private Language”, Richard Rodriguez argues that bilingual education delays learning a “public language” and developing a public identity”. I can relate to Richard’s story because my family and me moved to America when I was young and we also had the same struggle learning a new language. I agreed with Rodriguez when he expressed that he didn’t feel like a true American until he mastered the English language because English is the first and main language in America.
In Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood, the author Richard Rodriguez argues that since there is a lack of bilingual education taught in American schools, many students face a loss of intimacy to their native language, leaving them identifiable-less. He makes this claim by expressing that although native language can cause divisions in communication, it is the basis structure to a person.
Howard, Elizabeth R., and Kathryn J. Lindholm-Leary. Guiding Principles for Dual Language Education. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics, 2007. Print.
Mujica, Mauro E. “Why the U.S Needs an Official Language.” Worldandi.com. 2003. Web. 31 July 2011. .
...n language and the development of literacy. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13(2), 175-186. doi: 10.1080/13670050903474085
In today’s society, especially in the United States, most people are monolingual English speakers. As a result, these monolingual speakers are at a significant disadvantage compared to those who speak more than one language fluently. This disadvantage is crucial to realize since it is important to learn how individuals and the nation can be enhanced. Multilingual speakers have an advantage in global affairs that involve countries that speak different languages. Speaking multiple languages makes it easier to communicate with people when involved in foreign affairs. Those who speak multiple languages are also more aware of other cultures in society. Monolingual speakers are not as exposed to other cultures and have difficulty understanding or even recognizing them. Furthermore, being multilingual increases your
Being multilingual has great importance. As previously presented, it keeps cultural diversity alive and creates better communication with the rest of the ...
As time goes by and as the global community develops, the world grows more and more international, making second or third language acquisition become necessary to the majority. With the growing importance of multiple language ability, more and more parents think of bilingual or multilingual education, which means acquisitions of two or more languages, for their kids. In fact, we do have many reasons showing why multilingual education is important and beneficial, such as aspects of interpersonal relationship, employment, brain health, and so on.