Titanium (Ti) is an element found in group 4 and period 4 on the periodic table. The atomic number of Titanium is 22. Titanium is the ninth most abundant element on the earth’s surface, and the fourth most common metallic element. Titanium is not found alone in nature; rather it has to be extracted from titanium dioxide or titanium iron oxide. Titanium dioxide (Ti02) is commonly found in rutile and titanium iron oxide (FeTiO3) is commonly found in ilmenite. Rutile and ilmenite are found predominately on continental coastlines.
The actual discovery and isolation of Titanium was a long process. Intially, an amateur geologist named Reverend William Gregor discovered the metal element on the beaches of Cornwall, England in 1790. He named the metal, manaccanite. Gregor found macaccanite in black sand. The black sand is known today as ilmenite. In 1795, titanium got its name when Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a German chemist, found a dioxide of the same metal in rutile. Klaproth named titanium after the Titans who were the Greek gods of enormous strength. In 1797, Klaproth realized that manaccanite and titanium were the same element. Gregor got credit for the initial discovery of the element, but Klaproth’s name “Titanium” was adopted by scientists. It took over a hundred years for M.A. Hunter, an American chemist, to develop a process that became known as the Hunter Process to extract titanium from ore in 1910. Later, Dr. William Kroll developed the Kroll Process in 1930. The Kroll Process was able to extract larger amounts by utilizing vacuum distillation.
Titanium is a shiny, dark grey metal that is in a solid state at room temperature. Titanium has 26 known isotopes that have atomic masses 38 through 63. The isotopes with atomic m...
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...nd that is used in common products because of its hardness. K2TiF6 is used to produce resin bonded grinding wheels. K2TiF6 is also used in the formation of dental impressions.
Titanium carbide (TiC) is a titanium compound that is used for it hardness. TiC is used to produce cutting tools. The strength of titanium avails it to be used to cut and to engrave other metals which are not as hard as titanium.
Titanium nitride (TiN) is a titanium compound that is used for its color. TiN is used in jewerly and as a finish on glass because it is a striking yellow color. The finish on TiN resists wear and is even used on work tools to protect them.
Titanium Hydride (TiH2) is a titanium compound used for its strength. TiH2 can be used as a foaming agent for aluminum foam. It can also be used as a component in thermal spray, coating materials, and in different ceramics.
Just like many other scientific discoveries, the discovery and isolation of lithium was a group effort. In 1817, a Swedish scientist by the name of Johan Arfwedson was the first person to discover Lithium. While doing an analysis on the mineral petalite in 1817, Arfwedson found this soft, silver-white element. Jons Jakob Berzelius, another Swedish chemist, named the element the Greek name “lithos.” Later on, the element’s name was then changed to lithium. Although lithium had finally been discovered, none of the aforementioned scientists were able to isolate pure lithium without it being attached to its salts. It was not until 1821 when two English chemists by the names of Sir Humphrey Davy and William Thomas Brande isolated lithium by electrolyzing lithium oxide (LiO2).
Ceramics have high hardness and wear resistance, making them suitable for applications such as the articulating surfaces in joints and bone bonding surfaces in implants. Ceramics like alumina and zirconia are more appropriate to use in joint replacements and dentistry whereas hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphate cements are useful for bone bonding applications which is assist with bone growth and implant integration with surrounding natural bone and tissues (http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=108).
It is a strong acid. Its crystal structure is body centered cubic. Over 2/3 of all molybdenum is used in alloys.
A wide variety of coating alloys and wrought alloys can be prepared that give the metal greater strength, castability, or resistance to corrosion or high temperatures. Some new alloys can be used as armor plate for tanks, personnel carriers, and other military vehicles.
been found that there are several isoforms of TnT some of which are found in
Mr. Cronstedt discovered nickel in a mineral called niccolite. He originally planned to extract copper from this new mineral but got none at all. This is why nickel, at first, was called "false copper". Instead, Cronstedt got a silvery-white metal, which was eventually used for other things.
Tungsten, also known as wolfram is an element that in sedwin means heavy stone. Tungsten is a heavy stone that is used in filaments in incandescent light bulbs, it is also used in electric contacts and arc-welding electrodes. Tungsten is more resistant to fracturing than diamond and is much harder than steel. It is the refractory metals unique properties - its strength and ability to withstand high temperatures - that make it ideal for many commercial and industrial applications. Tungsten has the highest melting points and the lowest vapor pressure of all the metals the temperature of 1650C has the highest tensile strength.
It was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in England, in 1807. Sir Davy was able to isolate potassium using electrolysis. Potassium was the first metal isolated by this procedure. Today, it is still not found free in nature. It is obtained by electrolysis of chloride or hydroxide.
...mpositional control needed and also the reactivity of the titanium. Fatigue failure has been known to occur with nitinol because of the extreme amounts of fatigue strain that it is necessarily exposed to. This is because it is still not completely defined how durable nitinol is, so it cannot be known what to use it for as it is the best of all metals known in this case. So it is used for the highest demanding applications but in some cases it can’t handle the pressure sustained. Another use for nitinol is a temperature control system, which would work by changing shape can activate a variable resistor or switch which would control the temperature, this is a situation where it is very significant for nitinol to be a smart material otherwise this system would simply just not work. There are many others but they are not really relevant to the engineering industry.
Metalloids can be applied in almost all aspects of life. From being used in gum and toys to technology and spacecraft, metalloids are very useful. For example, Silicon can be used in electrical insulators, fabric softeners, hair sprays, hand creams, furniture, polishes, paints, adhesives, and gum. While Arsenic is used for bronzing, the hardening of lead in shotgun shells, and as a dopant, because metalloids are semiconductive, Antimony could be used in making bells, tools, printing presses, batteries, alloys, bullets, and cable sheathing. Furthermore, Tellurium is used to build electronics and make metals easier to cut. Tellurium is also used in coloring glass, porcelain, enamel, and ceramics. Lastly, Germanium is used in fluorescent lamps, infrared spectroscopes, and infrared detectors. Together, metalloids have many applications that can be used to create and upgrade certain
Uranium, a radioactive element, was first mined in the western United States in 1871 by Dr. Richard Pierce, who shipped 200 pounds of pitchblende to London from the Central City Mining District. This element is sorta boring but I found something interesting, they used it to make an an atomic bomb in the Cold War. In 1898 Pierre and Marie Curie and G. Bemont isolated the "miracle element" radium from pitchblende. That same year, uranium, vanadium and radium were found to exist in carnotite, a mineral containing colorful red and yellow ores that had been used as body paint by early Navajo and Ute Indians on the Colorado Plateau. The discovery triggered a small prospecting boom in southeastern Utah, and radium mines in Grand and San Juan counties became a major source of ore for the Curies. It was not the Curies but a British team working in Canada which was the first to understand that the presence of polonium and radium in pitchblende was not due to simple geological and mineral reasons, but that these elements were directly linked to uranium by a process of natural radioactive transmutation. The theory of radioactive transformation of elements was brilliantly enlarge in1901 by the New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford and the English chemist Frederick Soddy at McGill University in Montreal. At dusk on the evening of November 8, 1895, Wilhelm Rontgen, professor of physics at the University of Wurzburg in Germany, noticed a cathode tube that a sheet of paper come distance away. He put his hand between the tube and the paper, he saw the image of the bones in his hand on the paper.
Aluminum is a silvery-white metal which is a chemical element of boron group represented by symbol Al and have atomic number 13. It has soft ductile nature. Aluminum is abundantly available (third most abundant element). It makes about 8% of the total mass of earth crust. It is very chemically reactive and present with the combination of 270 different minerals. Previously it was produced in 1924 for the first time. Bauxite is the chief ore of aluminum. Aluminum is famous because of its low density and its ability to resist corrosion by using the phenomena of passivation. Alumina is an integral part of an aerospace industry, electrical engineering, and transportation with its other alloys. It is also used in building and window
In chemistry, metals compose a great number of the periodic table elements. Each metal has its own characteristic mass,