Tungsten, also known as wolfram is an element that in sedwin means heavy stone. Tungsten is a heavy stone that is used in filaments in incandescent light bulbs, it is also used in electric contacts and arc-welding electrodes.Tungsten is more resistant to fracturing than diamond and is much harder than steel.It is the refractory metals unique properties - its strength and ability to withstand high temperatures - that make it ideal for many commercial and industrial applications. Tungsten has the highest melting points and the lowest vapor pressure of all the metals the temperature of 1650C has the highest tensile strength. It has excellent corrosion resistance and is attacked only slightly by most mineral acids.
(Tungsten is a metal with many industrial and military applications, including manufacturing of commercial and military ammunition. Despite its widespread use, the potential environmental effects of tungsten are essentially unknown. This study addresses environmental effects of particulate and soluble forms of tungsten, and to a minor extent certain tungsten alloy components, present in some munitions formulations. Dissolution of tungsten powder significantly acidifies soils. Tungsten powder mixed with soils at rates higher than 1% on a mass basis,
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At room temperature tungsten does not react to oxygen, but at elevated temperature, the trioxide tungsten ( VI ) oxide is formed. Finely divided tungsten metal is pyrophoric. 2W ( s ) + 3Cl2 ( g ) + 20W3 (s). Tungsten also reacts to fluorine to create tungsten ( VI ) fluoride. Tungsten reacts directly with chlorine at 250°C or bromine to form respectively tungsten ( VI ) chloride or tungsten ( VI ) bromide. Under carefully controlled conditions, tungsten ( V ) chloride is formed in the reaction between tungsten metal and chlorine. It seems that tungsten does react to some extent with iodine at red
What Nuclear power has the ability to do is get a lot of power in a little amount of space. “Roughly 1.6 billion people live without access to electricity, and 2.4 billion rely on traditional biomass because they have no access to modern fuel.” (General Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei) With nuclear power put into these countries that are without power we can have it to where electricity will be accessibility to everyone. By having power accessible to everyone we can accomplish so much more and unlock more possibilities in our world today.
The main parties who is associated with the debate are governments, experts, and the country people. These people have given out their opinions regarding the effects of nuclear ene...
Radiation has always been in everyday life even before Roentgen discovered x-ray. The mountains give off natural radiation, other forms of radiation are coal burning power plants, x-rays from a TV, and an airplane ride. The average dose from background radiation is about 360 mrem every year. There are two types of radiation, nonionizing and ionizing radiation. Examples of nonionizing radiation are microwaves and radio waves broadcasting. Ionizing radiation refers to gamma and x-rays. Ionizing radiation means that the rays are able to remove an electron from the atom then ions can be formed. The ions can cause damage when reacting with other atoms. Cells are able to be repaired if low dose are received. However, if cells get a high dose, the cells will be damaged or possibly die. If the cell is damaged permanently then it is referred to as a mutated cell.
In doing so, their strong focus enabled the company to create significant innovations. Continuing on, Philips also became a leader in industrial research by creating physics and chemistry labs to address both production and scientific problems. The labs developed a tungsten metal filament bulb that brought great commercial success. Philips simple structure and significant innovations gave them the financial support they needed to compete in a time period where competitors were seeking major growth.
Since the dawn of civilization, all living (and some non-living) things have needed energy. When humans discovered fire, the first form of harnessed energy, it made it easier to stay warm, prepare food, make weapons, etc. Since then, humankind has been inventing new ways to harness energy and use it to our advantage. Now-a-days, people in most nations depend extremely heavily on fossil fuels – to work, travel, regulate temperature of homes, produce food, clothing, and furniture, as well as other power industries. Not only are these fossil fuels dominating our society and creating economic vulnerability, but they also produce waste that causes a number of social and environmental concerns. The waste from these fuels leads to acid rain, smog, and climate change. It also releases sulfur dioxide as well as other air pollutants that are very harmful to the human respiratory system (Morris, 1999, p. ix). There are other alternative sustainable energy sources including solar, hydroelectric, wind, and biomass. However, the main source aside from fossil fuel is nuclear energy from controlled nuclear reactions (where nuclei of radioisotopes become stable or nonradioactive by undergoing changes) in a nuclear power plant. Nuclear power produces enormous amounts of energy to serve a community. Unfortunately, nuclear energy has its own set of problems – a big one being its waste. The spent fuel from nuclear plants is radioactive. This means that it emits radiation, or penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source. Ionizing radiation is known to cause cancer, and therefore makes anyone who lives near spent nuclear waste facilities vulnerable to this incurable disease. The disposal of nuclear waste is a global issue...
Nuclear power is the generation of electricity from an atomic reaction. (World Statistics: Nuclear Energy Around the World n.d.) Though it produces zero carbon emissions there has been a decline in support for nuclear power and increased its support for alternative energies in the pursuit for a fossil free energy sector. Factors that have resulted in the reduction of support for nuclear energy include nuclear accidents and waste and the positives of renewable energy which include clean energy, sustainable and reduced health and environmental risks.
In our experiment we utilized the hydrate cobaltous chloride. Hydrates are crystalline compounds in which one or more molecules of water are combined with each unit of a salt. Cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate is an inorganic compound which is a deep rose color in its hydrated form. As an inducer of
Zn (zinc) these metals will react with hydrochloric acid as they. Fe (iron) is higher in the reactivity series than hydrogen. Sn (tin) and so a displacement reaction will take place. Pb (lead) . H (hydrogen) - a. Cu (copper)
This is the first reaction in the Harcourt Essen experiment. The iodine is oxidised to produce I2 wh...
The Periodic Table is based around the Atomic Theory. Firstly people believed that everything was made up the four elements Earth, Fire, Wind, and Water. This theory evolved into everything being made up of atoms. Breakthroughs throughout history such as the discoveries of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons have pushed this theory forward to where it is today.
Acid Mine Drainage For hundreds, even thousands of years, human beings have mined for metals and stones, and with the advent of greater technology as well as greater needs, the demands for these resources continue to grow. While these resources benefit our lives in many ways, the effects of mining can be detrimental, and one such effect is the topic of this essay, acid mine drainage (A.M.D.). The Causes of A.M.D. will be discussed, along with some of the physical and biological problems associated with it. Some prevention and remediation treatments will also be considered.
Roman slaves extracted and prepared the lead, describes a disease among the slaves that was clearly lead poisoning. Because of their potential toxicity, lead water pipes are no longer being installed. The greatest single use of lead metal today is in the plates of storage batteries for automobiles. The protective oxidation layer formed by lead in contact with such substances as air, sulfuric acid, and fluorine makes it highly resistant to corrosion. For this reason, lead has been used to make drainage pipes and lead chambers in sulfuric acid factories.
GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) is more economic; Springer reports that “ GMAW is an economic process because it has higher speeds and higher deposition rates than manual arc welding. There is also no need to constantly change electrodes” ( Page 11). GMAW has a higher speed, which means that you can get the job done faster. It also has high deposition rates which makes the weld look clean and smooth.” This method can be used for a high range of work, but it is not suited for repair work because of it’s weld quality” (Page 4). This process can be used for many variations of work including root welds, joints, T’s, butts, laps, and many more applications. Even though its used for many practices, it is not recommended to use this method for repair work because of the quality of the welds. “ It’s easy to use and it is inexpensive to afford now with 110v machines. But you cannot weld for a long time like a 220v machines would produce. Both have different duty cycles” (Parag. 7). M.I.G is something anyone can learn easily, it’s inexpensive to afford. 110v machines don't bring out the best power to weld, because these machines do not have a good duty cycle. Most people prefer 220v machines because they produce more work, even if they are more expensive. GMAW is the cheapest most reliable process for welding.
Mine Tailings. (2008). The University of Arizona Superfund Research Program (SBRP). Retrieved February 12, 2011, from http://superfund.pharmacy.arizona.edu/Mine_Tailings.php
One of the greatest events of twentieth century was the use of radioisotope as a source of energy and as medical and industrial tools. Using radioactivity has been a global issue owing to its very nature. When it is used for peaceful purposes, it is a triumph of science because it can solve energy problems in the form of nuclear energy but the side effects in the form of harmful radiation and harmful radioactive waste is the real limitations of science. This essay will attempt to analyze the application of science in the use of radioactivity and radioactive isotopes and how science is not so effective in dealing with the side effects.