Determining the Enthalpy of Neutralisation for Three Acids
[IMAGE]Determine the Enthalpy of Neutralisation for the following
there Acids, H2SO4, HNO3 andH2SO4
Introduction
Acid and bases have a very important property that is that they are
able to cancel each other out when mixed together in the right
proportions, this reaction is called a neutralisation reaction, which
can be an exothermic reaction .
The standard enthalpy of neutralisation is the heat absorbed per mole
when an acid and a base react to form water under standard conditions.
In this experiment I will be investigating the values for enthalpy of
neutralisation of the three strong acids (HCl, HNO3 andH2SO4)
Scientific Background information
As explained before, neutralisation happens between an acid and a
base. Neutralisation is the formation of water from hydrogen and
hydroxide ions
H30+(aq) + OH-(aq) Ã 2H20(aq)
According to Arrhenius’ theory ‘neutralisation occurs because equal
mols of hydrogen ions in the acid are equal to the mols of hydroxide
ions in the base so the two react completely to form waterÂ’*1.
Neutralisation of HCl and NaOH:
NaOH(aq)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â +Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â HCl(aq)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Ã Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â NaCl(aq) Â Â Â Â Â Â + Â Â Â H2O(l).
Neutralisation of HNO3 and NaOH
NaOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) Ã NaNO3(aq) +
H20(l).
Neutralization of H2SO4
NaOH(aq) + H2SO4 Ã Na2SO4(aq) + H20(l)
The enthalpy of neutralisation for strong acids are similar, because
‘strong acids fully disassociate in water therefore all hydrogen ions
and all hydroxide ions react to from water moleculesÂ’*2- taken from
Ramsden A level Chemistry
However enthalpy of neutralisation for H2SO4 would be different
compared to the the enthalpy of neutralisation for the other two
CL-, as the ions of H+ and OH- react to form H2O. These spectator ions
Firstly, an amount of 40.90 g of NaCl was weighed using electronic balance (Adventurer™, Ohaus) and later was placed in a 500 ml beaker. Then, 6.05 g of Tris base, followed by 10.00 g of CTAB and 3.70 g of EDTA were added into the beaker. After that, 400 ml of sterilized distilled water, sdH2O was poured into the beaker to dissolve the substances. Then, the solution was stirred using the magnetic stirrer until the solution become crystal clear for about 3 hours on a hotplate stirrer (Lab Tech® LMS-1003). After the solution become clear, it was cool down to room temperature. Later, the solution was poured into 500 ml sterilized bottle. The bottle then was fully wrapped with aluminium foil to avoid from light. Next, 1 mL of 2-mercaptoethanol-β-mercapto was added into fully covered bottle. Lastly, the volume of the solution in the bottle was added with sdH2O until it reaches 500 ml. The bottle was labelled accordingly and was stored on chemical working bench.
Ionic Equation: H+(aq) + NO3(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) → Na+(aq) + NO3(aq) + H2O(l)
The equation shows how 1 mol of Na2CO3 reacts with 1 mol of H2SO4, so
The sought to determine the effects of mixing various levels of acids and bases to see which combination would have the most explosive reaction, and measure the resulting pH levels. I did this by testing an assortment of different pH levels of acids and bases, mixing them together and measuring the results. Most of the experiments resulted in a pH neutral solution, except for the Sulfuric Acid and the Sodium Hydroxide. By far, the Sulfuric Acid was the most explosive, followed by the Citric and Acetic acid.
the resulting amino acid would be sodium glycinate (see fig. 3), an example of a
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
Since acetic acid is transformed to sodium acetate there is a consumption of [HA] by the amount of moles of sodium hydroxide.
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants.
Determining the Activation Energy of the Reaction Between Bromide Ion and Bromate Ion in Acid Solution
Normal water will not do because of the impurities in it. · Methyl Orange indicator - The colour of this indicates when the sodium hydroxide has been neutralised by the hydrochloric acid. · Conical Flask - This is used to react the aspirin tablets with the sodium hydroxide. It is more appropriate to use as the shape of it makes it less likely that any should spill out. · Burette - This is used to add the hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydroxide.
from 10cm to 50cm to make it easier to see the difference in a graph.
Investigating the Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid
Rate of Reaction - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. Aim Investigation, to find out how the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid is affected by changing the concentration. Introduction I must produce a piece of coursework investigating the rate of reaction, and the effect different changes have on them. The rate of reaction is the rate of loss of a reactant, or the rate of development of a product during a chemical reaction. It is measured by dividing 1 by the time taken for the reaction to take place.
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).