DEFINITIONS
Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the urinary bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it’s called a urinary tract infection. A bladder infection can be painful and annoying, and it can become a serious health problem if the infection spreads to your kidney.
Cystitis is a common female problem. Its is estimated that 50% of adult women experience at least one episode of dysuria; half of these people have a bacterial UTI.
SYMPTOMS
Cystitis signs and symptoms often include:
A strong, persistent urge to urinate.
A burning sensation when urinating.
Passing frequent, small amounts of urine.
Blood in the urine.
Passing cloudy or strong-smell urine.
Discomfort in the pelvic area.
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All play a role in removing waste from your body. Your kidneys filter waste from your blood and regulate the concentrations of many substances. Tubes called ureters carry urine from your kidneys to the bladder, where it’s store until it exits your body through the urethra. CAUSES (CONTINUED)
Bacterial bladder infections may occur in women as a result of sexual intercourse. But even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to lower urinary tracts infections because the female genital area often harbors bacteria that can cause cystitis.
Main types of infections:
Community-acquired bladder infections. These infections occur when people who aren’t in a medical care facility develop a bladder infection.
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Hospital-acquired bladder infections. These infections, occur in people in a medical care facility, such as a hospital or nursing home. Most often they happen in those who have had a urinary catheter placed through the urethra and into the bladder to collect urine, a common practice before surgical procedures, for some diagnostic test, or as a means of urinary drainage for older adults or people confined to bed.
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Noninfectious
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Which drugs are used and for how depend on your overall health and the bacteria find in the urine.
Cystitis cause by bacterial infection is generally treated with antibiotics. Treatment for noninfectious cystitis depends on the underlying cause.
First-time infection. Symptoms often improve significantly within a day or so of antibiotic treatment. However, you’ll likely need to take antibiotics for three days to a week, depending on the severity of the infections.
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
When cystitis is suspected, the doctor first examines the person abdomen and lower back, to evaluate unusual enlargements of the kidneys or swelling of the bladder. Tests doctor may order:
Urine analysis. It’s to determine whether bacteria, blood or pus is in the urine.
Cystoscopy. Use to remove a small sample of tissue (biopsy) for analysis in the lab. This test most likely won’t be needed if this is the first time patient had signs or symptoms of cystitis.
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Imaging tests. Imaging tests usually aren’t necessary, but in some instances, especially when no evidence of infection is found, They may be helpful. For example, an X-ray or ultrasound may help out other potential causes inflammation, such as a tumor or structure
The urinary tract consists of two kidneys, to ureters, urethra, and the urinary bladder. The urinary system works to remove waste from the body, maintain homeostasis of water, blood pressure, and regulate the body’s pH levels. The kidneys regulate several important internal conditions by excreting substances out into the body. After urine has been produced in the kidneys it is then transported to the urinary bladder via the ureters. The urinary bladder then holds the urine until the body is ready for excretion through the urethra.
A UTI is an infection that takes place in your bladder, kidneys or urethra. They can be identified as very painful and if not treated, it can be damaging to your body. There are two effective treatments such as the antibiotic cephalexin, and the herbal remedy uva-ursi. Both of these treatments are beneficial and used around the world today. Cephalexin is an oral medication used to treat many different types of infections. It works by preventing bacterial cells formation of a cell well. If the bacteria cannot form a cell wall, they will be incapable of survival. After taking cephalexin, symptoms almost immediately fade and your urinary tract is soon repaired. Not only is cephalexin recommended to treat UTIs, so is the herbal remedy uva-ursi. Uva-ursi is a small bush accompanied by red berries. For treatment, the stems and leaves are beneficial, and it is normally seen in the form of tea. Uva-ursi is used in certain parts of the world to treat infections and has been clinically proven to be beneficial. Both uva-ursi and cephalexin are effective treatments for urinary tract
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. Urinary tract infections can have different names, depending on what part of the urinary tract is infected. The infection can include the bladder, kidneys, ureters, or the urethra. If the infection is in the bladder it is called “cystitis” or a bladder infection. If the infection is in the kidneys is it called “pyelonephritis” or a kidney infection? If the infection is in the urethra it is called “urethritis”. Most urinary tract infections are bladder infections. Infections in the ureters are very rare. Everyone is at risk of getting a UTI allowing bacteria to grow in the urine that stays
In addition to an endoscopy, a biopsy may be recommended. During a biopsy, a small piece of tissue is removed from an inflamed area. This piece of tissue is then examined in pathology in order to determine whether either disease is present or not.
To start off, Non-gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) refers to an infection from the tube that runs from your bladder through the penis in men or the labia in women which passes the urethra. Normally, it is caused by gonorrhea but mostly chlamydia that is a sexually transmitted disease. There are multiple different ways how Non-gonococcal Urethritis is caused. An infection with chlamydia is half the case of NGU. Chlamydia is a bacterium type of germ that may be contacted threw sexual intercourse with an infected person. Perhaps, it can be passed down in to and out of vaginal, anal, or oral sex. There are other bacterial viruses that can be the cause of this disease. No cause can be found in 3 to maybe 10 cases. Sexually transmitted infections cannot be recognized by tests if it is not shown. Also, it is not attainable to know which cases are caused by an infection and the ones that are not.
One of the most common infections that occur in the urinary system is UTIs or Urinary Tract Infection. A UTI is when bacteria gets into the urinary system, either externally or from the digestive tract, and causes pain and irritation in the urinary tract (Friedl, n.d.). UTIs are typically treated with antibiotics. A common disease of the urinary system is incontinence, which is when you lose some or all of your bladder control (Friedl, n.d.). This can also cause retention problems, which is when you have trouble releasing urine from the bladder (Friedl, n.d.). Incontinence can be treated with medication and exercise that can help to retrain the muscle around the bladder and urethra area (Friedl, n.d.). Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome (BPS), is a type of chronic bladder condition that is primarily found in women (Zimmermann, 2016). IC can cause bladder pressure and pain, bladder scarring, and can cause less elasticity in the bladder (Zimmermann, 2016). Another form of inflammation in the urinary system is Prostatitis, the swelling of the prostate gland. Prostatitis is significant in that it only occurs in men and is often caused by advanced age (Zimmermann, 2016). It is generally cured by antibiotics. Kidney stones are an extremely painful condition that occurs in the urinary system when chemicals in the urine become
When doctors perform a cystoscopy – a procedure that involves inserting a thin scope inside the bladder – on certain interstitial cystitis patients they can see evidence of the disease: mucosal hemorrhaging or Hunner’s ulcers that bleed when the bladder is filled beyond capacity. People with IC have small capacity bladders that hold less than 300 ml, or approximately 1 cup.
ANTIBIOTICS :- Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacteria. Antibiotics can save lives, if used properly. Antibiotics either kill bacteria or keep them from multiplying. Antibiotics do not fight virus infections. For example: Cold Flu ANTIBIOTICS: Most coughs Sore throats (Exception: strep throats).
Hospital acquired infections are spread by numerous routes including contact, intravenous routes, air, water, oral routes, and through surgery. The most common types of infections in hospitals include urinary tract infections (32%), surgical site infections (22%), pneumonia (15%), and bloodstream infections (14%). ( book). The most common microorganisms associated with the types of infections are Esherichila coli, Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus auerus, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.(secondary) Urinary tract infections occur when one or more of microorganisms enter the urinary system and affect the bladder and/or the kidneys. These infections are often associated improper catheterization technique. Surgical site infections occur after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. These infections may involve the top of the skin, the tissue under the skin, organs, or blood vessels. Surgical site infections sometimes take days or months after surgery to develop. The infections can be cause by improper hand washing, dressing change technique, or improper surgery procedure. Pneumonia can also become a hospital acquired infection. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a type of lung in...
Signs that can help you identify if you have urethritis are; redness around the opening of the urethra, painful urination, frequent urinating, difficulty starting urine, itching, pain and discomfort when urinating. Experience irritation during sex, vaginal discharge or discharge in the urethral opening. Men will spot blood in their urine or semen and will also experience yellow discharge from the urethra. Ways to prevent urethritis from occurring is by; not having sex with multiple partners, having sex with only one partner, or using
According to Stanfordchildrens.org (2014), the Urinary System, is a complex assembly of different organs that all together have the main function of excrete the waste from the bloodstream, regulate hormones that control other parts of the body and balance the water in the body. Urea is the name given to the waste obtained from the filtration of the blood. However, urine is the final product that is expelled from the body. The urinary system is the organism in charge to convert urea into urine. The urinary system is made of several parts that include two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the urethra and nephron. The malfunction of any part of the urinary system can lead with severe problems because of its importance in getting rid of the waste in our body.
Antibiotics can normally cure urethritis caused by bacteria. Common prescribed antibiotics are Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Levofloxacin, Erythromycin, Metronidazole, and Rocephin. The patient may also take a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug along with the antibiotics for symptoms of pain. Urethritis caused by trichomonas infection is usually treated with an antibiotic called Flagyl or Tindamax. The sexual partner should also be treated to prevent reoccurrence of the infection. It is also important to get retested about three months later to make sure the infection is completely cleared. This includes the sexual partner getting retested. Treatment for urethritis due to herpes simplex virus is Zovirax, Famvir, and Valtrex. Often times the exact organism causing urethritis cannot be identified. The doctor may prescribe one or more antibiotics that are likely to cure any infections that may be
If you are pregnant to avoid the development of complications. The most bothersome symptom of a bacterial infection is, vaginal discharge and the presence of a pungent odor after sex. Women may also notice the presence of these symptoms while urinating or while performing personal hygiene routines. Antibiotics are the recommend treatment for bacterial vaginosis. A few antibiotic remedies are used and include, metronidazole taking oral or vaginally and imidazole an antibiotic that has shown to be successful in treating bacterial vaginosis, and may have less side effects than metronidazole. The reappearance of bacterial vaginosis is possible, even after successful treatment. More than half of those treated experience a repeat in symptoms within 12 months. It is unclear why so many recurrences of the infection develop. With a present of symptoms, a second course of antibiotic is generally prescribed. Bacterial vaginosis should be treated with antibiotics. There have been no effective home remedies, shown that can treat this condition. However, the use of hydrogen peroxide and probiotic has been attempted in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, but the results have been contradictory and do not show a clear
The main function of the urinary system is to remove waste via excretion particularly toxic substances such as ammonia.