Citrus is a generic term for the group of flowering plants belonging to the genus Citrus in the common rue family Rustaceae. Members of the citrus family include grapefruit, oranges, lemons, limes, mandarins, tangerines, kumquats, and others. Phylogenetic relationships within the Citrus genus are complex. Analysis of 36 accessions of Citrus indicate that many named species, including lemons, sweet limes, and oranges, are of hybrid origin (Nicolosi et. al, 2000).
The fruits of citrus plants are known to grow on evergreen trees in subtropical areas worldwide that produce fruits with a variety of colors and shapes. Cross sections of the fruit show several identifiable layers. The outermost skin or rind, which normally exhibits a bright yellow or orange color, is the endocarp or flavedo. The endocarp protects the fruit from damage while secreting essential oils that give the fruit its characteristic odor (UNCTAD 2014). A white, spongy tissue known as the mesocarp (albedo) forms the second layer; it makes up the peel of the fruit and is typically removed before consumption (UNCTAD 2014)....
“Strange Fruit” by Billie Holiday conveys the inhumane, gory lynchings of African-Americans in the American South, and how this highly unnatural act had entrenched itself into the society and culture of the South, almost as if it were an agricultural crop. Although the song did not originate from Holiday, her first performance of it in 1939 in New York City and successive recording of the song became highly popular for their emotional power (“Strange fruit,” 2017). The lyrics in the song highlight the contrast between the natural beauty and apparent sophistication of the agricultural South with the brutal violence of lynchings. Holiday communicates these rather disturbing lyrics through a peculiarly serene vocal delivery, accompanied by a hymn-like
This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion and a Free Quiz on Tangerine by Edward Bloor.
The war in Sierra Leone changed many lives dramatically. It started in 1991 and ended in 2002. Between the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) and the Rebels. For Ishmael and Mariatu both were brought in the war around 1993 when they were about eleven or twelve years old. Ishmael and Mariatu, in the two books, A Long Way Gone and The Bite of the Mango, Both Ishmael and Mariatu have experiences in the War. The two children both have separate stories of their unbelievable journeys through the war and their life after. Although they were both pulled into the war against their will, Mariatu was pulled in as a victim and Ishmael was pulled in as a perpetrator.
The research work was undertaken with the aim of study Agrolistic transformation in Sugarcane and studies of associated problems. The work was carried out in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune during Jan 2014- May 2014. The materials used and the methods adopted are presented below:
Honeybees collect nectar and pollen from flowers as food source. The nutrients needed to grow colony populations and maintain their health comes from nectar and pollen. Nectar which is then converted in to honey, provides carbohydrates. Pollen as bee-bread supplies dietary requirements such as proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals (Huang 2010; Degrandi-Hoffman 2013). A review by Wakhle (1981) reported the versatile characters of pollen and bees products. The royal-jelly produced by honeybees for queen raring, for which pollen is most important, which is rich in most essential nutrients.
For citrus growers in Florida, the future is uncertain. Two bacterial diseases, named citrus canker and citrus greening disease, have devastated countless acres of trees across the state. For an industry that “generates about $8.9 billion a year,” this is no small issue (“Citrus Greening”). The Florida Citrus Grower’s Association would like to import a landrace of orange discovered in China that is resistant to citrus greening disease and test it in Florida to discover its effects on both citrus canker and greening. Although there are advantages to importing a resistant form of citrus, the risks greatly outweigh the potential benefits, and for this reason, the Association should begin to place its efforts towards the many alternative methods of control that are available.
The Hunger Games was a critically acclaimed movie when it came out; however, some critics would argue that the movie can be sometimes too violent for its intended audience. In this essay I would dissert Brian Bethune’s essay “Dystopia Now” in order to find its weaknesses and compare the movie Battle Royale with his essay.
Similarly to the poor production of wine, oranges were not so tasty. They had very thick skin and lacked sweetness. After the agricultural improvements of the making of oranges, Southern California produced more than two-thirds of the country’s citrus fruits production with 90% being lemons.
Discover the incredible weight loss benefits of apple cider vinegar, how to best prepare it and how much you should use to get maximum benefit from apple cider vinegar - one of nature's amazing fat burning foods.
2. Cook, A. A. 1975. Diseases of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits and Nuts, Hafner Press,
Oranges are grown in many countries in the world. Some of these countries are: Brazil, the United States of America, China, EU-27, Mexico, Egypt, Turkey, South Africa, Morocco, Vietnam, Costa Rica, Argentina, Australia, Guatemala, Israel, Malaysia, Mozambique, Japan, Brazil, etc. The top three producers of oranges are: Brazil with 16,600 MT, the United states with 7,602 MT, and China with 7,000 MT. These countries contribute greatly to the worldwide production of oranges. Most oranges grow best in moist, tropical/subtropical climates. Oranges require high nitrogen fertilizers to thrive. Most oranges are grown in flat lands or plains. Oranges are require soil that is loose and is very deep. Oranges are able to grow at temperatures ranging from 55 degrees Fahrenheit to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Orange trees do not produce oranges during the winter months. The average size of a farm in Florida is 195 acres, and it has a total of 9.2 million acres of farmland. The labor force of Florida's orange farms consists mainly of illegal Mexican immigrants. These workers are paid at a rate of 70-90 cents per 90 pound box. They earn less than 75 dollars each day. Some farmers in Florida are turning to machines for cheap labor. These machines are more efficient than the immigrant workers. This decreases the amount of time needed to pick many oranges. These new machines are called "canopy shakers". A company called Southern Gardens Citrus is vertically integrating farms into its company. This company has more than 16,500 acres of groves with 1.8 million orange trees. In order to thrive, orange trees need high levels of direct sunlight. Orange trees can continue to survive with small amounts of shade coveri...
What do you know about the cocoa? Do you think you know about the Cocoa production that is the regions of Latin America, West Africa, and Indonesia? Will do you know that the cocoa was considered bean of gold on beginning of the 20th century, and the cocoa beans it have a high demand on consumer item all over the world, which it used in many products? The cocoa production may affect environmental, economic, and political-social.
Over the last decade it has become more visible that the Florida citrus industry has taken a fall. A lack of fruit productions or the suddenly disappearing orange trees, the question arises “what is the cause of the downfall in the citrus industry?” From the time that citrus canker has showed up in Florida in 2005, it has done nothing but damage and hurt all citrus growers as well as the industry as a whole. Though citrus canker is a large topic only the cause and effects of canker in Florida as well as cure and preventatives will be discussed.
history: The history of Jamaica is a rich and vibrant that inspire them to move forward as a nation.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), also named yuca, is a perennial woody shrub with tuberous roots in the family Euphorbiaceae. Cassava is now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin. The world production of cassava in 2012 was estimated as tonnes with the top producers being Nigeria, Indonesia, Brazil, and Thailand (FAO, 1994). Being very rich in starch (90% of the dry matter), Cassava is mainly used in traditional human foods, but is also used industrially for the production of starch and starch derivatives, e.g. dextrins and glucose (Zhu, 2015).