CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
It is the responsibility of every civilized government to provide adequate food to residents of country, to meet the minimum nutritional requirements for a healthy life. A balanced diet is good for human health and it increases the productive capacity of the people. Protein plays a vital role to fulfil the requirements of balanced human diet, mainly there are two sources of protein namely plants and animals. Although Pakistan is an agricultural country but still we are unable to provide the minimum required animal protein to our masses. According to economic survey of Pakistan 2013-2014 food is the fundamental right of the people and the governments is committed to provide it all levels. Inspite of adequate production and availability of essential food items of consumption malnutrition continuously persist in the country.
Pakistan is basically an agrarian country. The contribution of agricultural sector to national GDP is 21.4 percent and it provides employment to the 45 percent of the labour force of the country (year book 2013-2014,
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Chicken meat output accounts for some 88 per cent of world poultry meat production. World chicken meat production was amount to about 93.00 MMT. American region is the leading continent in chicken meat production (41.2 MMT) followed by Asia (30.7 MMT), Europe (15.2 MMT), Africa (4.7 MMT) and Oceania (1.3 MMT) (FAO, 2013), (Ali et al 2014). Poultry farming is an integral part of livestock of Pakistan. Poultry sector contributes 1.3% in national GDP with annual growth rate of 8 to 10%, while its share in agriculture and live stock is 6.1% and 10.8% respectively (Economic survey of Pakistan 2013-2014). Poultry farming is the profitable venture in Pakistan. Its current investment is more than rupees 200 billion (Economic survey of Pakistan 2013-2014).The following table depicts the current status of poultry production in
Chick-fil-A is affected by numerous external forces which challenge upper management’s ability to make Chick-fil-A "America’s best quick-service restaurant". Through intense strategic planning, based upon the vision, mission and corporate values, Chick-fil-A has been able to establish a unique position in a very competitive industry. The corporate purpose of Chick-fil-A, "To glorify God by being a faithful steward of all that is entrusted to us and to have a positive influence on all who come into contact witch Chick-fil-A", their commitment to family and the community, and their sound business decisions, have made Chick-fil-A one of the most profitable and fastest growing quick-service restaurants in the nation.
General Foods (GF) is in the process of evaluating Super as a new profit-increasing project for its business. Payback and Return on Funds Employed (ROFE) are the decision rules used currently by GF for project decisions. While these rules are helpful, they are flawed and do not take into account the time value of money when evaluating cash flows. Net present value is a more suited tool to evaluate projects because it takes into account discounting of future cash flows, evaluates liquidity through discount, selects the scenario that maximizes shareholder wealth, and considers all relevant incremental cash flows. Certain cash flows and costs for Super were either included or not in the financial worksheets presented to management. Flaws
In this article, I examine the function of both gaze and gesture in relation to conversational story telling. Conversational storytelling, or reenactments, is an oral narrative that involves performing a new version of an old event in a theatrical way. By examining the transcript of “Chicken Dinner” I address how the coordination amongst speaker and recipients to decipher gestures and use them to understand parts of what is being narrated. The analysis of said instance, suggests that speaker gaze plays a pivotal role in understanding gesture. I further explore the gesticulation typology, participation framework, and the use of eye gaze to understand multimodality in the interaction and how one cannot do without the other.
Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing livelihood to approximately 75 per cent of the population. There is considerable scope for diversification and expansion of the agricultural sector through accelerated food crop production, processing and marketing.
Poultry industry is a large an important part of the food sector. Poultry industry include the production of eggs, chicken turkey meats. Poultry is one of the most important source of protein for mankind. Production of chicken meat had been increasing due to the proposed nutritional value of chicken as compare to other type of meats. Poultry meat are considerably cheaper compare to other type meat as well. The increased in poultry consumption can be accredited to the big poultry company for their innovation in supplying different type of poultry products. For example chicken nuggets, chicken sausages and etc. The raise of popular fast food restaurant that serve chicken such as KFC also contributed to the ever increasing demand for poultry meat. Table below summarize the production and
The agricultural land of Pakistan is use for multiple crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane, vegetables, cotton, etc. That gives impure and low quality cotton. There is very low research & development (R&D) in the cotton sector. Because of the low profitability in cotton crops, farmers are shifting to other cash crops, such as sugar cane.
Onion is one of the five main exportable commodities from Pakistan. The world onion export market is 6.8 million tonnes per annum and Pakistan export 173,000 tonnes of onion per annum (FAOSTAT, 2011). Pakistan is among one of the top 10 exporting countries of the world. It improves farm incomes and foreign exchange earnings.
Chicken farms need more government regulation for causing damage to both human and animal health and for being detrimental to the environment. Chicken farms produce large amounts of fecal matter that heavily contaminate waterways that are used for drinking. In the Delmarva Peninsula alone 3.2 billion pounds of raw waste, 13.8 million pounds of phosphorous, and 48.2 million pounds of nitrogen are released into the environment (Intensive Poultry Production).. These nutrients enter bodies of water causing eutrophication, which causes an explosion of algal blooms that die and require large amounts of oxygen to decompose. This increase in oxygen consumption creates ‘dead zones’ in many areas, most notably in the Gulf of Mexico, where there is not enough oxygen to sustain aquatic life.(Facts about Pollution from Livestock Farms). U.S. chicken producers use a total of 2.2 million pounds of the antibiotic arsenic compound, roxarsone (appositive), each year. Most of this compound passes through the chickens and into their excrement. The arsenic that is left in the excrement can leach into surface and groundwater supplies and become inorganic arsenic, a known carcinogen. This waste can also enter waterways, killing hundreds of fish. Inside the chicken farms, large amounts ammonia and dust particulates are released into the air, which can cause moderate to severe respiratory problems in humans.When waste pools are filled, the companies spray liquid waste into the air that mists and carries over to human populations that inhale these toxic gases and become ill. (Meat Production Wastes Natural Resources), Chicken farms also waste resources due to the fact that many crops, such as soybeans, are grown to be feed for livestock. Only 20% of the ...
Cow dung is a waste material generated from the cows, it is also known as cow manure or cow pats. Cow dung can be used as a fuel for burnings after drying it. Cow dung is good fertilizer for the crops and it is generally used for farming in India.
My country (Kenya) has is almost similar to Pakistan. It has experienced stronger political stability and attracted many investors. Generally, Kenya is among top ten African countries that attracts business, protects investors, has a relative ease to start businesses.
The first observations relate to appearance, attitude, and locomotion (Linares and Martin, 2010). These authors mention that, while active, healthy poultry stand holding their head high, wings folded close to their body, and legs extended directly under their body. Bracke and Hopster (2006), mentioned that some species-unspecific behaviors are very beneficial to health, performed by several species, such as playing, walking, limb stretching and turning, standing up and lying down normally. Poultry walking ability may be improved by perching and walking on ramps (Mench et al., 2001). According to Linares and Martin (2010), preening is the act of smoothing out or cleaning the feathers with the beak. It is a common behaviour performed in group
Pulses have been the staple in the Pakistani diet therefore Pakistan is the producer of major pulses. The production level of pulses increased in between 2013-1014 which made the import value to increase from $24.876 million as compared to $19.233 million in December
Agriculture not only includes the crops but livestock and fisheries also makes up in the agriculture sector. Livestock plays a significant role in Pakistan’s economy and adds about 11.9% in the GDP of the Pakistan. Moreover, it plays an important role in removing the poverty from the rural areas. Livestock sector contributed 55.4% in year 2012-2013 in the agriculture sector and 55.3% in the year 2011-2012.The animals included in the livestock of Pakistan are Cattle, sheep, Buffalos, Camels, horses, asses and goat.
This can not be done with the same ineffective tactics that were used in the past, so that’s why people are developing new ways to eradicate hunger. When the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) was held, they discussed the nutrition component and how important it is that it is not overlooked. By paying attention to nutrient-dense foods and recognizing the different entry points for improving nutrition, the ICN2 argues the world will be one step closer in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal. Some of the entry points they discussed include “the promotion of crop diversification…, strengthening local food production and processing, and exploring regulatory or voluntary instruments for promoting healthy diets” (goals 2). Promoting the nutrition aspect of the goal can help achieve it because nutrients are what keep people alive and
Agriculture plays a vital role in our society, economic growth, and food production. It is the second largest sector in the Pakistan that is important in the economic growth of the country. Sustainable growth in livestock production system is essential for improving the livestock production i.e. milk and meat per animals rather than increasing the numbers of animals (Shabbir, 2011). It generates employment opportunities for rural smallholder farmers. Approximately 62 % population is living in rural areas that directly or indirectly depend on the dairy sector for their livelihood (Shabbir, 2011). Livestock is an important part of agriculture which plays a major role in improving smallholder farmers’ livelihood. It provides meat, milk, nutrition,