1 Executive Summary
A thorough and detailed literature review is the foundation and inspiration for a research. As the foundation of any excellent research, a good understanding on several key objectives in the literature review should be accomplished. For example, it sets the topic of the study, the context, the problem scope and, the most important, research directions. This is what we aim to achieve in this literature review on Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). The Business Process Modeling Notation is an important area for business process modeling. It allows business modeler to have a standard approach to modeling the business system in a high-level understanding on business processes.
The BPMN 1.0 was released to the public in 2004, and was developed by Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI), and has been managed by Objective Management Group (OMG) [1]. The primary goal of BPMN is to provide a notation that is easily understandable by all business users. The widely acceptable of this business process modeling approach is the success of industrial standardization. According to Alan Earls in his article “The rise and rise of BPMN for process modeling”, BPMN has been developed to the version 2.0 on 2010, which is more stable and mature as well as offering the XML for interchanging BPMN models that are executable or non-executable.
Admittedly, human mind prefers to comprehend graphs rather than text paragraphs, and this becomes the motivation on the development of graphical modeling language. Graphical process modeling has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to aiding organizations in the documentation of large businesses. By providing Business Process Diagram (BPD), complex business models can be e...
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...plications.
In the next sections of this literature review, we would like to introduce as follows. Section 3 will be the background of BPMN development. Section 4 will introduce BPD in detail to provide an overall understanding of how to use BPMN. Then the section after section 4 describes how BPMN can improve the processes, and some examples will be used. Section 5 provides our recommendations and comments on current BPMN approach. Finally, last section is the conclusion about this literature review.
White, Stephen A. "Introduction to BPMN." IBM Cooperation 2.0 (2004): 0.
Thomas Davenport (1993). Process Innovation: Reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business School Press, Boston
Lindsay, A., Downs, D., and Lunn, K., 2003. Business processes—attempts to find a definition. Information and Software Technology, 45 (15), 1015–1019.
A great deal of information was covered this week such as, the necessity in which businesses need to effectively plan and set objectives, the strategies utilized and how they are executed to obtains results, and how managements decisions can potentially affect those results. Although each topic covered was found to be interesting and informational, there was something in particular that struck a chord, which was how business establishments have to be flexible and adaptable and in many instances plan and change their strategies of today, in order to keep up with the evolving technology of tomorrow. Something that one often thinks about is how individuals use technology today and how companies that provide that technology are adapting. For instance, author Richard Daft of the textbook, Management, 12th ed. brings to light the potential issues that Intel is facing explaining “As another example of an external threat, Intel, whose microprocessors power most PCs, is being hurt by the decline in demand for personal computers as more people turn to tablets and smartphones.” (Daft, 2016, pg. 259). After reading this, one wanted to take a deep look into what it is exactly that Intel intends to do to overcome this obstacle and found some
Workflow is a series of sequencial steps that take place, creating a process to complete a task. The process, generally speaking, involves two or more individuals and creates or adds value to an organization. Workflows are a standardization of work that takes into account quality, productivity, cost, safety and moral depending on the type of process flow (Liker & Meier, 2006). Workflow analysis includes observation and documentation of the process to better understand the current state. Viewing the current state, one can then begin to analyse the process, looking for opportunites of redesign, waste, and value added activities (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2012). “The focus in any process is always on creating
In today's competitive marketplace, all firms are seeking ways to improve their overall performance. One such method of improvement, recently adopted by many firms, is benchmarking. Benchmarking is a technique used to evaluate internal business processes. "In this analysis, managers determine the firm's critical processes and outputs, baseline those processes, then compare the performance of each process against a standard outside the industry" (Bounds, Yorks, Adams, & Ranney 1994). To effectively improve a business process to world-class quality, managers must find a firm that is recognized as a global leader, not just the industry standard. Successful benchmarking requires tailor-made solutions, not just blind copying of another organization. Measurement and interpretation of data collected is the key to creating business process solutions.
There are several process and challenges found during examining process. In process there is a model called “process model” which is a step to prepare, collect, examine, analysis and report the evidences.
Harkness, W. L. (1996, Sep). Process Improvement and Innovation in the Information Services Function: Lessons Learned at the Bose Corporation. pp. pp.349-368.
Utterback, A. M. (1996). Mastering the dynamics of innovation. United States of American: Harvard Business Press
Bjerke, Juel M. "Week 2 Lecture Notes - Achieving Business Process Excellence and Process Re-engineering." MFGO 601 - The Globally Integrated Manufacturing Company. 2 Nov. 2011.
Hamel G. and Breen B. (2007). The Future of Management: Aiming for an Evolutionary Advantage (Management Innovation in Action). Harvard Business School Press.
According to Marianne Bradford, the definition of BPR is "the fundamental, radical redesign in business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in key measures of performance such as cost, quality, speed and service" (Modern ERP, 2nd Edition, 2010, p30). Basically, it is an operational strategy to overhaul core business processes within an organization in an attempt to improve performance and productivity.
Moore, G. A. (2004, Jul/Aug). Darwin and the Demon: Innovating Within Established Enterprises. Harvard Business Review, 82(7/8), pp. 86; pp. 7.
There are different types of UML diagrams. Each UML diagram is designed to let developers and customers view a software system from a different perspective and in varying degrees of abstraction. UML diagrams commonly created in visual modeling tools include: use case diagram which displays the relationship among actors and use cases. Class case diagram models class structure and contents using design elements such as classes, packages and objects. It also displays relationships such as containment, inheritance, associations and others. Sequence diagram displays the time sequence of the objects participation in the interaction. This consists of the vertical dimension (time) and horizontal dimension (different objects). Collaboration diagram displays an interaction organized around the objects and their links to one another. Numbers are used to show the sequence of messages. State diagram displays the sequences of states that an object of an interaction goes through during its life response to received stimuli, together with its response and actions. Activity diagram displays a special state diagram where most of the states are action states and most of the transitions are triggered by completion of the actions in the source states. This diagram focuses on flows driven by internal processing.
In past few years, companies and industries of various sizes have become aware that they need to improve business processes such as product development, order fulfilment, planning, distribution, and customer service. So everybody is now focusing on doing process improvement or redesigning.
Kelley,T. (2005, Oct.). The 10 faces of innovation. Fast Company, 74-77. Retrieved 6th March’ 2014 from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=9&sid=1d6a17b7-c5f7-4f00-bea4 db1d84cbef55%40sessionmgr10&hid=28&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=18386009
how they are defined in the literature. Nonaka (1994: 14) understood innovation as “a process
The most important value of BPM is transparency over the business. Transparency means obtaining a deep understanding of how the organization works which enables us to manage the complexity of organization effectively [11]. Business process models enables the process practitioners to achieve this by documenting: control flow (i.e., what we need to do and when), artefacts (i.e., what we need to work on either physical or electronic), and resources (i.e., who does the work either humans