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Forensic science and scientific method
What is bloodstain pattern analysis
What is the science behind blood pattern analysis
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References Bevel, Tom, and Gardner, Ross M. Blood Pattern Analysis, Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (2002). James, Stuart H., Kish, Paul E., and Sutton, T. Paulette. Principles of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Theory and Practice, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (2005). James, Stuart H., Kish, Paul E., and Sutton, T. Paulette. “Chapter 12: Recognition of Bloodstain Patterns,” Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (2009), pp. 211–239. Lyle, D.P., M.D. “Chapter 13: Bloodstains: Patterns Tell the Story,” Forensics: A Guide for Writers (Howdunit), Writer’s Digest Books, Cincinnati, OH (2008), pp. 285–302.
In Blood In Blood Out is a drama directed by Taylor Hackford, and starring Damian Chapa (Miklo), Benjamin Bratt (Paco), and Jesse Borrego (Cruz), produced by Hollywood Pictures. The film was based off everyday life in East Los Angeles, from the 1970’s through the 1980’s. Damian Chapa stars as Miklo in the film, a Mexican-American who wanted to be accepted, not by his skin but for the Mexican within him. Benjamin Bratt (Paco) was the older cousin of Miklo, who learned his lesson throughout the movie and changed his ways. Jesse Borrego (Cruz) is the step-brother of Paco who was a talent artist, who ended up turning to drugs because of back problems caused by a rival gang incident.
The tampering blood found rear a gate and the socks were all tested and compared to the blood from the test tube containing EDTA. All three methods identified that the blood was not planted by police officer, and that the level of EDTA was not very high, therefore the police had completely nothing to do with the blood found. The method that was used to conclude the result was LC-MS/MS.
The velocity of blood splatter plays a big role in the type of splatter made, this can also be linked to a specific incident/ injury. Blood is a tissue that is circulated within the body to assist other parts of the body. This connective tissue has specialized cells that allow it to carry out its complex functions Blood stain analysis falls into forensics science, the study contains aspects of biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics. The first modern study of blood splatter was in 1895 by Eduard Piotrowski. The second modern origin of blood splatter analysis is the Samuel Sheppard case in 1954 in 1983.
Houck, M. M., Crispino, F., & McAdam, T. (2012). The science of crime scenes. (pp. 323-329).
The blood of the unknown person became apparent through comparing the blood type found at the crime scene with the contrasting blood types of the suspects. The blood identified at the crime scene could have possibly belonged to Anna Garcia or Erica Piedmont. This observation was based on the information that the blood type found at the crime scene was type A and these two individuals are the only ones that carry that specific type. In similarity, a microscopic photography was taken of the unknown hair follicle found at the crime scene. Then hair samples were taken from the potential suspects, and the victim. These findings were then compared. This was done by looking at each individuals hair follicles and comparing it with the unknown one. By looking at the similarities and differences in medulla diameter, the discovery of the unknown hair follicle became established that it belonged to Anna Garcia. Further examination resulted in the analyzation of a shoe print found at the crime scene. Shoe patterns and sizes were taken from each suspect, including the victims. They were then identified and compared to the one found at the crime scene. By looking at the distinct pattern, size, and the fact that both shoes were a Columbia brand sneaker it became obvious that the shoe print was extremely similar to Anna’s shoe design. Through this found evidence it became
Robert Spalding become an expert in bloodstain analysis and he then started teaching what he
The criminal justice system has changed a lot since the good old days of the Wild West when pretty much anything was legal. Criminals were dealt with in any fashion the law enforcement saw fit. The science of catching criminals has evolved since these days. We are better at catching criminals than ever and we owe this advancement to forensic science. The development of forensic science has given us the important techniques of fingerprinting and DNA analysis. We can use these techniques to catch criminals, prove people's innocence, and keep track of inmates after they have been paroled. There are many different ways of solving crimes using forensic evidence. One of these ways is using blood spatter analysis; this is where the distribution and pattern of bloodstains is studied to find the nature of the event that caused the blood spatter. Many things go into the determination of the cause including: the effects of various types of physical forces on blood, the interaction between blood and the surfaces on which it falls, the location of the person shedding the blood, the location and actions of the assailant, and the movement of them both during the incident. Another common type of forensic evidence is trace evidence. This is commonly recovered from any number of items at a crime scene. These items can include carpet fibers, clothing fibers, or hair found in or around the crime scene. Hairs recovered from crime scenes can be used as an important source of DNA. Examination of material recovered from a victim's or suspect's clothing can allow association to be made between the victim and other people, places, or things involved in the investigation. DNA analysis is the most important part of forensic science. DNA evidence can come in many forms at the crime scene. Some of these forms include hair; bodily fluids recovered at the crime scene or on the victim's body, skin under the victim's fingernails, blood, and many others. This DNA can be the basis of someone's guilt or innocence; it has decided many cases in the twentieth century. As the times continue to change and the criminals get smarter we will always need to find new ways to catch them. Forensic science is the most advanced method yet, but is only the beginning. As the field of science grows so will the abilities of the
In today’s time, modern Crime Scene Investigation has increased rapidly. From throughout the late 1900’s and in the early 2000’s (Taylor 1). For all of the evidence that they find, a solid foundation has formed over the thousands of years of Crime Scene
Bloodstains are classified into three basic types: passive stains, transfer stains and projected or impact stains. Passive stains include drops, flow and pools, and typically result from gravity acting on an injured body.(See figure 18) Transfer stains result from objects coming into contact with existing bloodstains and leaving wipes, swipes or pattern transfers behind such as a bloody hand print or a smear from a body being dragged.(See Figure 19) Impact stains result from blood jutting out into the air and are usually seen as spatter, but may also include gushes, splashes and spurts. (See figure 20)
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is one of many specialties in the field of forensic science; the science of bloodstain pattern analysis use scientific knowledge from other fields to solve problems. BPA also uses the scientific method to examine bloodstain evidence at a crime scene where blood is present by gathering information, observing, documenting, analyzing, evaluating, and technical or peer reviewing. A bloodstain pattern analysis job is to collect, categorize and interpret the shape and distribution of bloodstains within a crime scene (Peschel, 2011). Bloodstain patterns can reconstruct a crime scene and then determine the crime as an accident, homicide, or suicide; the blood can also identify the location, quality and intensity of an external force. The purpose of a BPA’s is to determine bloodstain patterns and to recreate the action that caused the blood.
James, Stuart H., and Jon J. Nordby. "Fingerprints." Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2005. 341-60. Google Books. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.
...he case of forensics. You can go beyond the normal reality of blood spatter (?.. how does or where did blood spatter come into play here). The species of a set of bones can be determined through forensics anthropology. The sex of a skeleton. The age of a person and by studying the bones you can find a person’s age. Forensics Anthropology, (2014)
Blood stains are one type of evidence that can be found at a crime scene. Blood that is still in the liquid form should be picked up on a gauze pad. Once the blood is dried thoroughly it should be refrigerated and sent to the Laboratory (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 1). If the blood stain is found dried on clothing, the officer should wrap the piece of clothing in clean paper and place it in a sealed and labeled container. An object with dried blood stains needs to be sent to the Laboratory if it is small enough. If the object is too large to send, then using a clean knife the stain needs to be scraped onto a clean piece of paper, which then can be folded and placed in an envelope (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 2). When collecting autopsy blood samples, the officer should request that the pathologist obtain the sample directly from the heart and place it in a yellow or purple stoppered vacutainer. If the victim is still alive but in serious need of a blood transfusion, then the pre-transfusion blood sample needs to be obtained promptly before the hospital discards it (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 4). It is important for the Laboratory to receive all blood samples within 48 ho...
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
I will be investigating Human Blood as my specific tissue and giving an overview on the location, characteristics, and the benefits it has to the human body. Blood is extracellular matrix that is consists of plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. Blood is located within the capillaries/veins/arteries of the human body, which are blood vessels that run through the entire body. These blood vessels allow the blood to flow smoothly and quickly from the heart to distinct parts of the human body. The unique parts of human blood all work together for a purpose: the Red Blood Cells(erythrocytes) transports oxygen throughout the body, White Blood Cells(leukocytes) play a part in the bodies immune system, Platelets(thrombocytes) assist in creating scabs,