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Theories of language acquisition
Language acquisition conclusion
Theories of language acquisition
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Summary
The topic for today’s reading was, Behavioral Language Assessment: Part 2 (VB-MAPP). In one of the assigned readings, Assessing Your Child, we read how most speech pathologists look at language as either expressive or receptive, and that talking is a learned behavior controlled by environmental variables such as motivation, reinforcement, and antecedent stimuli. As we talk, we receive some sort of acknowledgement for our speech and this is how language begins to take shape in typically developing babies. Speech pathologist call expressive language to what is known as the four primary verbal operant (the mand, tact, echoic, and interverbal), and receptive language to the nonverbal operant (imitation, and visual performance). However, to assess to the child’s skills the parents or professors may use reinforces to rewards the child’s actions, which is what the second reading, Developing Reinforcers, stated. The rewards of the actions reinforced their determination and made their good behavior increase in the future. Everyone responds to reinforcement even children developmentally delayed, children are no different, and when they are rewarded for behaviors, they will respond positively. Also, this read talked about how to choose the child’s reinforces such as food, videos, or DVDs as well as how to develop the reinforces and to paring them with the learning environment. The pairing is the process in which parents or professors as well as the room and materials are associated with these items of interest. Notwithstanding, pairing is an ongoing process and is not something that can be done in a few days or a week, pairing needs to be reinforced throughout the time any caregiver or professional works with the child. It ...
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...ceptive language level does not provide as much information as to knowing how the child uses the words, how often, and where. This is why I believe more in the use of VB program and break it down the child’s language into smaller units instead of looking at it as a whole.
In conclusion, it seems more reasonable and accurate for me to assess the child in all areas, and to build on each of the child’s skill to help them learn. Also, I found useful the implementation of reinforces, it seems to be fair for me that the child is able to do something that he enjoys throughout the learning process. The parents get the satisfaction of seeing their child’s language improvement and the children get motivated by doing something he/she likes because even for kids with no disorders or developmental delays the process of learning is somehow tiresome.
Discussion Question
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The topic for today’s reading was, Interpreting the Language Assessment. In one of the assigned readings, Interpreting the Behavioral Language Assessment, emphasized that the purpose of the behavioral assessment is to provide the tester with enough information to design an individualized language intervention program for a specific child. Therefore, to establish an effective intervention program for particular child the tester must identify the most appropriate starting point for initial training. The tester should review each skill in relation to the entire set of skills identified in the assessment. It is usually best to focus on the development of a few key language areas at one time, even though the child may have weaknesses in several of the areas reviewed by the assessment. Also, it is important that the tester not simply pick the areas with the lowest scores and recommend training begin in those areas, because is very important to ensure that the instructor is able to observe the learner acquiring skills relatively short period of time, in order to maintain his motivation to continue conducting language training activities. Only a few areas are selected for the initial intervention, and the focus of the intervention will be continuously changed as the student acquires new skills. Finally, the language intervention program develops the child’s skills such that he could score at least a five on each of the areas of the assessment. This score of five in a specific area may indicate that a particular skill area may not require as intensive intervention as those skills with a lower score. Furthermore, for the second reading, The Benefits of Skinner’s Analysis of Verbal Behavior for Children with Autism, stated t...
Goldin-Meadow, Susan (2006). How children Learn Language: A focus on Resilience. In K. McCartney & D. Phillips, The Blackwell Handbook of Early Childhood Development, 252-269. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The topic for today’s reading was Teaching Tacts. The first reading, Teaching Verbal Operants, stated that the main goal is to get the child to communicate either vocally or non-vocal (e.g., using sign language), but to do so the child should be able to mand in order to move to other operants. The reason that the child should have manding skills is due to the learner will be taught tacting, echoic, and intraverbals skills within the mand frame. Then, this reading described the basics of a Verbal Behavior program as mentioned each of the skills, and how they should be taught to children to avoid problem behavior. The point is to make the child to learn to communicate fluently with prepositions and tacting all items effectively without having to prompt or echoic. On the second reading, Teaching Tact and Receptive Skills, also described tacting skills, but in a broader way. Additionally, it emphasized that the only prerequisite skills necessary to start tact and receptive training are that the child should have some responses under echoic or imitative ...
The most popular method for educators at the centre to build on children’s comments and conversations is by talking with them, particularly by talking through processes or experiences as they are happening. With infants this process of talking through experiences and processes seems more like narration. Spending time in the infant room feels solidary as I talk to myself for most of the day, however it is important to remind myself that the child is learning through my one-sided conversations. Baby’s language develops socially, they listen to those speaking around them and then begin to internalise the words that are high frequency (Clarke, 2004). As they develop their vocabulary grows as they build their repertoire through socialisation. Research
Children develop their milestones at different times and at their own pace. but sometimes parents can become anxious when their child hasn't developed in a certain area, for example not talking or walking like a friends child of the same age. Understanding a little about child development can help to relieve some of that anxiety. It's like being able to see the whole puzzle instead of just the pieces in the corner. If a child isn't talking at the age of two years but is using gestures, body language and babbling sounds, she is communicating and that is an indication that she is developing language skills.
Based on my experiences, children at this stage have not yet mastered their language ability. Their attention spans improve throughout the year as well as their ability to process information. They sometimes have difficulties thinking outside the box because they may only see things from their point of view. Activa...
The topic of today’s reading was the ABCs of Behavior. For one of the assigned readings, Starting with ABA, Dr. Lovaas studied a group of 59 children with autism and examined the best ways for them to learn. He discovered that 19 of the children who received 40 hours a week of ABA therapy had the best outcomes, and within that group, a 47% became indistinguishable from their typical peers by first grade. Therefore, if ABA teaching techniques were used intensively during the formative years, fewer children required services after the first grade, through adulthood. Also this reading mentioned another form of ABA, the Verbal Behavior (VB) approach, this builds on all the ABA research but also enhances a child’s ability to learn functional language. VB adds an Applied Behavior Analysis approach to teach all skills, it is a fairly new and popular approach that has actually emerged from the basic teachings of ABA. But, it was not until 1998 that parents of children with autism got interested in the VB approach, and the Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills (ABLLS). The ABLLS is a great tool for a consultant trained in the VB approach, but for a parent without any background in ABA, it can be very overwhelming. Nonetheless, the popularity of this book among parents led to a significant shift to the discrete-trial teaching (DTT) or Lovaas approach towards VB. In DTT, the therapist presents a demand, gets a response, and then gives a consequence (a reward or punishment). The VB works on the same principles of demands, responses and consequences, but the approach is different. As appeared on the second reading, The ABCs of ABA, every behavior contains three parts: the antecedent (A), which is what happens just...
Over time, there has been an expansion in our knowledge of the ways in which humans develop and learn. It is now known that babies are beginning to learn even before they are born. I often find myself wishing I had known these things when my children were developing. We all want our children to be the best that they can be; with some knowledge of how children learn and the sequential steps they must go through in many areas of development, we can provide many experiences at home to help them reach their potential. When educators discuss children 's development, they usually talk about physical, mental, social, and emotional development.
In doing so I had chosen two activities based on the learning domain literacy, the first resource exposes the child to blocks and the second was an alphabetic sensory table, both of theses resources provided the basic understanding of how literacy can develop from play based learning. Blocks can be placed in any part of the early childhood setting either indoors or outdoor play spaces, however the sensory table can be used in any indoor play space area. As educators we all know that the first few years of any child’s life is essential to their learning, development and growth, and with theses activities we can give new meaning to the interactions young children have towards language, communication and their
...preschool years they will learn to initiate and carry out tasks based on experience or exposure to those tasks. Interactions with parents, teachers, peers, and other adults are important in a child's life. These relationships actually shape the brain and lay the foundation for later developmental outcomes, from academic performance to mental health and interpersonal skills.
SHANNON LOCKHART (2012) 'Supporting Communication, Language, and Literacy Learning With Infants and Toddlers', 26(3), pp. [Online]. Available at:http://www.highscope.org/file/NewsandInformation/Extensions/ExtVol26No3_low.pdf(Accessed: 18-Mar-2014).
The ability to test a student’s language skills is essential to have as a teacher. Over the years, classrooms have become much more diverse with a wide variety of impairments being presented on a daily basis. Often, these disabilities contain a language impairment that appears as a side effect of the main disability. Unfortunately, assessing language is not as easy as one may think because it is not clearly defined and understood. Kuder (2008) writes that “…language is not a unitary phenomenon- it is ‘multidimensional, complex, and dynamic; it involves many interrelated processes and abilities; and it changes from situation to situation” (pg. 274). Language also develops at different times for different individuals, thus making language assessment an even harder task for test administrators to grade and evaluate. In order to further understand the language impairment that students present, teachers need to be aware of appropriate language tests that could be administered. In order to assure that the best language test is being issued to a student, several various tests exist to choose from. To test a student’s overall language capability, a comprehensive language test, such as the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL) or the Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS), could be administered. If a teacher wanted to test a specific language skill such as pragmatics, phonology, syntax, or semantics, the teacher would need to find the best test for the student’s unique situation.
Over the last couple of months I have had the opportunity to student teach at Crim Elementary School. During the few months that I was there, I was placed in a preschool classroom. I was able to learn a lot of different techniques and strategies that I will be able to use in my future classroom. Every student has a different personality so I was excited to get into the classroom and observe how to help each student. For this paper, we were asked to choose three different theories. These theories were used to help us understand every child’s developmental level. The three theories that I chose to do were Piaget’s three stages, temperament, and behaviorism-operant conditioning. One thing that I was excited to see was how often these theories
Firstly, According with Andrews “when a kid is 3 years old she is already to begin to learn new information, because the peak of development is in that age”(52-53). Thus, as possible as a child go to the school, she will learn quickly a new information. If you try to teach a new language to a child they will be able to learn quickly and there are several benefits of learning a new language, they can communicate foremost with people and with that people create a relationship, a better overall school performance and superior problem-skills. They can develop better also a better fine motor, it is a coordination of small muscle like fingers, so the child can learn about how to manipulates a range of objects, such as blocks or books, manipulates
Children’s acquisition of language has long been considered one of the uniquely defining characteristics of human behaviour.