Of all the technological developments of the modern age, none is as complex as artificial intelligence. The idea that a non-human, manufactured entity could advance to a point of emulating human behavior is enough to make people shiver. The idea of something so advanced that we will not be able to tell the difference may be even worse. In 1961 Philip Dick wrote Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. It portrayed a world with these exact characteristics. Artificial Intelligence had advanced to a point of near-perfect human replication. In creating this world, Dick was echoing the speculations and fears of a.i. that had build up by that time. It would then continue to influence those opinions in the years after.
It is necessary to look at the development of artificial intelligence in order to put this idea into context. The concept of intelligent and aware constructs began to emerge in the 1950s and 60s as several scientists in many fields came together to discuss the possibilities of advanced computer research. The first major step was a scientific conference at Dartmouth College in 1956. Here, the general concepts and possible paths of research for a.i. were fleshed out. As described in Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, this conference was “the birth of artificial intelligence.” This was mostly a theoretical stage yet attending experts predicted that with a huge investment, working technology could be available in a generation (16). After being officially established, a.i. research and discovery exploded. Computer programs, a brand new idea, were already conquering algebra problems and speech recognition. Some could even reproduce English (18). It was clear that artificial intelligence research was going to be at the fo...
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.... Each stage of development increases our reliance and this in turn promotes advancement.
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep described a dark world where artificial intelligences and humanity came into a form of conflict. Its predictions and ramifications are not easily dismissed and hold true even today. We are already seeing a.i. surpass humans in some fields. IBM's WATSON has passed humanity in terms of intellect. It will be some time before it is self-aware of that fact, but it is a milestone nonetheless. We also have artificial “slaves” in some small sense of the word. Machines to much of the heavy labor previously done by man. Massive assembly plants now only employ a few technicians to watch overt the computers. While a far cry away from slavery, the process has begun. We are addicted too we usefulness of machines and the addiction is impossible to cure.
What role will computers play in the future? What happens when artificial intelligence gets to the point of actually allowing machines to give birth to original thoughts, or suppose artificial intelligence became identical or superior to human intelligence? While attempting to answer these thought-provoking questions deeper questions arise that are more pertinent in our lives such as what defines being human, or as Morpheous says, “What is…real?” The Matrix as well as the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, by Phillip K. Dick, attempt to answer these questions through different matrices. These matrices are implemented into stories to provoke thought and ask the question, what if?
Artificial Intelligence is “the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior.” Although the term was coined in 1955 by John McCarthy, stories about artificial beings with consciousness can be traced back to Ancient Greece. In one Greek legend, Cadmus, a Phoenician prince, kills a sacred water-dragon after it slays
Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? compares humanity to androids. The novel calls into question what makes these two seemingly disparate beings contrarily similar to each other. Although humans would like to believe they are the superior race, humans are not any different from a programmed machine.
"My name is Dorothy," said the girl, "and I am going to the Emerald City, to ask the Oz to send me back to Kansas."
Summary- This book expert describes the fundamentals, history, and changes associated with Artificial Intelligence from 1950’s onward. The book provides a basic explanation that Artificial Intelligence involves simulating human behavior or performance using encoded thought processes and reasoning with electronic free standing components that do mechanical work.
Limitations and risks of A.I. The A.I. machine cannot think as human beings do. On the other hand, A.I. would threat human subsistence, causes moral problems, and increases the unemployment.
When most people think of artificial intelligence they might think of a scene from I, Robot or from 2001: A Space Odyssey. They might think of robots that highly resemble humans start a revolution against humanity and suddenly, because of man’s creation, man is no longer the pinnacle of earth’s hierarchy of creatures. For this reason, it might scare people when I say that we already utilize artificial intelligence in every day society. While it might not be robots fighting to win their freedom to live, or a defense system that decides humanity is the greatest threat to the world, artificial intelligence already plays a big role in how business is conducted today.
The term ‘artificial intelligence’ thus means ‘investigating intelligent problem-solving behavior and creating intelligent computer systems.” (IBA Global Employment Institute, “Artificial Intelligent and Robotics and Their impact on the Workplace”) Artificial Intelligence is broken up into two terms. One, “weak” artificial intelligence and two, “strong” artificial intelligence. Weak AI “is a form of AI specifically designed to be focused on a narrow task and to seem very intelligent at it.” (Techopedia, What Is Weak Artificial Intelligence) Strong AI on the other hand is a bit more. Strong AI states “an AI is capable of all and any cognitive functions that a human may have, and is in essence no different than a real human mind.” (Techopedia, What Is Weak Artificial Intelligence) So artificial intelligence can be perceived in different ways but what does this all mean to your non computer scientist or engineer. Well AI is every where and is transforming our live. It might be that Amazon Alexa you ask to tell you the weather every morning, or your iPhone knowing the difference between your voice and someone else’s. AI has become
Artificial Intelligence, also known as AI, allows a machine to function as if the machine has the capability to think like a human. While we are not expecting any hovering cars anytime soon, artificial intelligence is projected to have a major impact on the labor force and will likely replace about half the workforce in the United States in the decades to come. The research in artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly at an unstoppable rate. So while many people feel threatened by the possibility of a robot taking over their job, computer scientists actually propose that robots would benefit a country’s efficiency of production, allowing individuals to reap the benefits of the robots. For the advantage of all, researchers and analysts have begun to mend the past ideas of human-robot interaction. They have pulled inspiration from literary works of Isaac Asimov whom many saw as the first roboticist ahead of his time, and have also gotten ideas of scholarly research done by expert analysts. These efforts have began to create an idea of a work force where humans and robots work together in harmony, on a daily basis.
In today’s rapidly changing world, technology has given us a possible future in the field of Artificial Intelligence. An August, 1999 article entitled “12: Machines Will Be Smarter Than We Are,” explains how Artificial Intelligence is inevitable. It also explains when and how it will transform civilization. The facts and examples used in the article may not give a full picture of the situation, but succeed in presenting a strong argument.
What if I told you that robots could be taking over the world at any moment now? Well, maybe not that soon, but sooner than you think, because Artificial Intelligence is always advancing. When you think of Artificial Intelligence, you probably think of movies like Star Wars or Terminator, but it’s actually very real and we use it every day. Artificial intelligence, or AI for short, is a machine’s ability to think and act like a human. It’s the brain inside a robot, but not the robot itself. Humans, and animals, have what we call natural intelligence, or NI. The main difference between NI and AI is Natural Intelligence’s main goal is to survive and adapt to their environment. Artificial Intelligence’s main goal
According to the website Science Fiction and Fantasy World, artificial intelligence (A.I.) can be defined as "the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems." (Moy, par. 2) This domain has predominantly been a field characterized by complex research in laboratory scale environments and just only recently has been becoming a part of the scene of technology in commercial applications. A.I. is about to become a real force in our technological evolution. There has been so much development and change in the last ten years that it is hard to believe how far we have come. But there is going to be another technical revolution going on, and it will be about A.I.
Therewithal some scientists defined the artificial intelligence as a system, which can understand the structure of human thinking and can behave similar to them, in other word, developing a computer system that is able to imitate human’s behavior.
Artificial intelligence is the engineering of machines, especially computer programs that usually involve human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is using computers to understand human intelligence such as visual awareness, decision-making, and converting language. It could also be described as turning human intelligence into intelligence for machines and technology. The future capabilities of machines are dependent upon how well the machine can replicate human intelligence.
Humans can expand their knowledge to adapt the changing environment. To do that they must “learn”. Learning can be simply defined as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught. Although learning is an easy task for most of the people, to acquire new knowledge or skills from data is too hard and complicated for machines. Moreover, the intelligence level of a machine is directly relevant to its learning capability. The study of machine learning tries to deal with this complicated task. In other words, machine learning is the branch of artificial intelligence that tries to find an answer to this question: how to make computer learn?