Ancient Egypt: Narmer, 3100 B. C.

Since the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first king Narmer, 3100 B.C. Egypt has achieved magnificent progress towards science and technology.

Important advances in ancient Egypt included astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their geometry was an indispensable outcome of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded yearly by the Nile River. Rectilinear structures including their post and lintel architecture were represented by the 3-4-5 right triangle and other rule of thumb.

Hieroglyphs, a writing system method representing verbal communication, served as the basis for the Egyptian alphabet from which the later Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Cyrillic alphabets came from.

One of the finest discoveries of Egypt was the papyrus, which was considered as a paper. The papyrus came from the plant Cyperus papyrus; after observing its capacity to bend in strong winds the Egyptians

This very advanced medicine at the time was the result of a special care system, with physicians specifically trained and with controlled practices, exercising in clientele or in reserved places, establishing diagnostic conclusions, using multiple therapeutic means, and always in relation to the divine. The concept of disease was different from the modern definition. The most important medical Egyptians practice was recorded in the Edwin Smith and Ebers papyri. The Edwin Smith Papyrus is a manual of surgery and detailed anatomical observations dealing with the examination, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for many conditions. The first known surgical procedures were performed in Egypt at around 2,750 B.C. The Ebers papyrus is filled with incantations and terrible curses destined to chase demons responsible for diseases, and also include 877 prescriptions. It may also be the earliest documented reference to