Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Introduction synthesis of alum lab report
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Introduction synthesis of alum lab report
The Synthesis of Alum from Aluminum lab centralized on the creation of potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate from a set amount of aluminum, and using quantitative analysis to then compare the actual yield to the theoretical yield. The synthesis of alum was conducted through a series of steps involving aluminum foil, potassium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid. Given that aluminum is amphoteric, meaning it can dissolve in both strong acids and strong bases, potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid were both suitable for the dissolution of aluminum. There are multiple applications to synthesizing alum; from eliminating waste in the environment by repurposing, to utilizing alum as a medical treatment, the practicality of alum is immense. Any chemical …show more content…
Given that aluminum is the third most abundant substance as well as the most prominent metal in the Earth’s crust, repurposing it is beneficial to everyone. There are multiple ways to repurpose aluminum, however, a prominent method is converting aluminum into alum. While alum can be naturally occurring in areas of heavy weathering, that oxidize sulfide, and include potassium bearing minerals all occur, it can also be synthesized as shown in this experiment. By synthesizing alum, many practical applications arise. Medicinally, alum can be utilized to stop bleeding in minor cuts, as a treatment for gingivitis and gum bleeding, as well as a preservative for pickling fruits and vegetables. On a larger scale, alum can be used in flocculation to treat dirty water to make it drinkable. In this case, the alum binds to the heavier particles in the water, such as dirt and sand, and causes them to sink to the bottom of the container. Next, a simple filtering would need to be done to render the water …show more content…
Overall, the experiment produced a successful percent yield of 78.65% of alum from the pieces of aluminum. However, there was a relatively large percent error of 21.34%. This error could have resulted from multiple steps in the experiment. One notable source of error could have stemmed from not obtaining all of the alum crystals from the beaker before aspirating; some crystals could have remained in the beaker, resulting in a lower yield than expected. Another potential source of error may have been only running the alum crystals through the aspirator once; the aspirator removes liquids from the sample, drying them out, however some of the crystals could have ended up in the filtered liquid. By running this solution through the aspirator a second time, a greater yield could have occurred. Finally, when adding H2SO4, white crystals could have formed, resulting in it being necessary to reheat the solution. By not reheating the solution if the crystals did form, a loss of overall alum crystals would be significant, given that they could have formed in these white crystals, rather than the desired alum. To prevent these errors, it would be necessary to ensure that all of the crystals were removed from the beaker by aspirating, as well as filtering the solution more than once. As for the white crystal formation, a
The purpose for this lab was to use aluminum from a soda can to form a chemical compound known as hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate. In the lab aluminum waste were dissolved in KOH or potassium sulfide to form a complex alum. The solution was then filtered through gravity filtration to remove any solid material. 25 mLs of sulfuric acid was then added while gently boiling the solution resulting in crystals forming after cooling in an ice bath. The product was then collected and filter through vacuum filtration. Lastly, crystals were collected and weighed on a scale.
The sand is If the water with Alka-Seltzer tablets is stirred during the reaction, then the rates of reactions will increase because the particles will be forced to make contact with each other and... ... middle of paper ... ...results anomalies because they are the outcome of dissociation of calcium and magnesium ions,. Evaluation: What is the difference between My results were very reliable, because by looking at my graphs I can see a trend that relates to my scientific background. It is also evident that I have obtained a reliable set of results when I see that.
A bauxite is a mixture consisting of hydrated aluminum oxide minerals and mineral impurities which are formed by weathered aluminum bearing rocks. In 1891 bauxite was mined in Alabama from the Rock Run. However, mining came to a sudden stop because metallurgical grade bauxite became very hard to obtain. Production started back up in 1927 and has been running on a maintained basis. Due to irregular distributions of bauxite deposits, exploratory test drilling must be conducted before any mining. Alabama bauxite is used in the making of high temperature products, abrasives, and chemicals. (Tew, 6)
I did accomplish the purpose of the lab. First, I determined the percentage of water in alum hydrate, and the percentage of water in an unknown hydrate. The results are reasonable because they are close to the example results. Second, I calculated the water of crystallization of an unknown hydrate. Furthermore, I developed the laboratory skills for analyzing a hydrate.
Aluminum is the most abundant metallic constituent in the crust of the earth; only the nonmetals oxygen and silicon are more abundant. Aluminum is never found as a free metal; commonly as aluminum silicate or as a silicate of aluminum mixed with other metals such as sodium, potassium, iron, calcium, and magnesium. These silicates are not useful ores, for it is chemically difficult, and therefore an expensive process, to extract aluminum from them. bauxite an impure h...
* It was almost impossible to tell when the Alka-Seltzer tablet had dissolved, each time the experiment was done. This was a huge problem for the experiment as this could have totally caused problems to the experiment. A special type of detector apparatus, which bleeped when the correct amount of Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolved, could improve this, each time the experiment was done.
Bakelite Over the last 120 years, plastic has evolved into an essential material in every household. From appliances to toys to jewelry and more, plastic has become a large part of our lives. One product which has notably impacted the synthetic industry, known as Bakelite, or polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, is an elimination reaction of phenol and formaldehyde caused by hydrochloric acid. It is a hard, insoluble material that is very durable despite its low impact-resistance.
Aluminum is a very useful abundant metal. A large fraction of the mineral products we seek are metals, such as aluminum (Halleck, 1/20). The major uses of aluminum are transportation, packaging and containers, and building products. Some other uses are electrical and consumer durable goods (Craig et al 266). It is important in the use of transportation because it is lightweight, which enables more efficient use of fuels, and it is resistant to corrosion (Craig et al 266).
Alkaline Reaction mean it neutralizes acids. It’s also used in the manufacturing of glass, soap, and paper. You can also use it as a disinfectant, a cleaning agent, or water softener. Another type of common sodium compound is Sodium Bicarbonate. This is a popular soda used in cooking, medicines, and baking soda.
Defined in Chemtrek as “The presence of the dissolved divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+. . . (which) gives natural waters chemical properties”, hard water has always been a curse to both animals and man 1 . It promotes scale, the buildup of magnesium and calcium to the point where a rock-like substance forms in household and industrial pipes, disrupts natural habitats and reproductive cycles of fresh water fish, and causes many health-related problems in humans 2 . To avoid such problems, it is important to understand ways that commercial businesses and homeowners can test for hard water. This experiment examines two possible methods of testing water hardness. They include: AA spectroscopy, which measures a water sample's absorption of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , and EDTA titration, which uses a titration's end-point to determine the concentration of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ present in a water source 1 . It is also important to learn about water softening, a process that removes calcium and magnesium from water sources 3 . For this experiment, I explored water softening techniques such as divalent cation removal ion exchange and water softening with a commercial water-conditioning agent 4 .
Imogen Heap tells a story in her new album Sparks (released August 19th). No, it’s not a single narrative construct built from the individual tracks. Rather it’s a story of risk, playfulness and joie de vivre. It is a story of embracing and sharing musically all sorts of different experiences, interactions and cultures. If you haven’t chanced upon Ms. Heap’s music, she has a beautifully unique voice which avoids making every song sound alike by her incredible range of songs, embracing experimentation and her impeccable performance.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.
Aluminum is one of a number of soft metals that scientists call "poor" metals. It can be shaped and twisted into any form. It can be rolled into thick plates for armored tanks or into thin foil for chewing gum wrappers. It may be drawn into a wire or made into cans. Aluminum is a generally popular metal because it does not rust and it resists wear from weather and chemicals. (Bowman, 391) Aluminum is an element. Its atomic number is thirteen and its atomic weight is usually twenty-seven. Pure aluminum melts at 660.2ºC and boils at 2500ºC. Its density is 2.7 grams per cube centimeter. Aluminum is never found uncombined in nature. (Bowman, 391) Aluminum is a very useful metal that is light, easy to shape and can be strong. This makes aluminum one of the most used metals in the world, right behind iron and steel. (Geary, 185) In its pure state, aluminum is quite weak compared to the other metals. However, its strength can be greatly increased by adding small amounts of alloying elements, heat-treating, or cold working. Only a small percentage of aluminum is used in its pure form. It is made into such items as electrical conductors, jewelry, and decorative trim for alliances and cars. A combination of the three techniques has produced aluminum alloys that, pound for pound, are stronger than structural steel. Some common metals used in alloys for aluminum are copper, magnesium and zinc.(Walker, 31) The added elements give the aluminum strength and other properties. (Newmark, 41) Aluminum is one of the lightest metals. It weighs about 168.5 pounds per cubic foot, about a third as much as steel which weighs 487 pounds per cubic foot. (Neely, 214) As a result, aluminum has replaced steel for many uses. For example, some ...
You may have heard the various health claims regarding alkaline water. Some believe it can help slow the aging process by regulating the body’s pH level. Some even believe it can prevent chronic diseases like cancer. But what exactly is alkaline water?
Aluminum is an element in the boron group with a symbol of Al, and an atomic number of 13. Aluminum is a very soft metal when pure but becomes strong and hard when alloyed, a malleable metal with a silvery gray color. Aluminum is a very reactive element so it is found in nature combined with other elements. Aluminum resists corrosion by the formation of a self-protecting oxide coating. Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, following oxygen and silicon. It makes up approximately 8% by weight of the Earth’s surface. Although this is evident, it is also apparent that aluminum is never found by itself in nature. All of the earth’s aluminum has combined with other elements to form compounds and in order to create new aluminum products; it has to be taken out of that specific compound. Aluminum does not rust like other elements, therefore it always remains strong and shiny, which means reused aluminum is almost identical to a brand new piece of metal. An electrochemical process creates aluminum. An electrochemical process is “the direct process end use in which electricity is used to cause a chemical transformation” ( E.I.A. Government). Major uses of electrochemical processes occur in the aluminum industry in which alumina is reduced to molten aluminum metal and oxygen, where than the aluminum can be used into making several different materials. Electrochemical processes, although very useful, can have serious environmental consequences. To help reduce the consequences that the production of aluminum creates, the idea of aluminum recycling comes into play.