we make mention of all the variables for the appropriate rotatable central composite design (CCD) using the MINLP model that is why classifying the variables are important to this research paper. Box & Wilson (1951) firstly introduced response surface methodology (RSM), and Box & Hunter (1957) further developed RSM. After that, RSM was developed by Box & Draper (1987), Khuri ... ... middle of paper ... ... al. (2011) gives a mixed integer programming (MIP) method which is useful for constructing
the friction stir welding. To work in this area needs to do a tremendous amount of experience and this thesis has provided general Specification of the process of friction stir welding pipes using three methods regression analysis (RA),Response surface methodology(RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) to infer the mechanical properties has this Specification so for
1.9.1 Sensitivity analysis of the model Sensitivity analysis is the study of how the uncertainty in the output of a mathematical model or system (numerical or otherwise) can be apportioned to different sources of uncertainty in its inputs. A related practice is uncertainty analysis, which has a greater focus on uncertainty quantification and its propagation. Ideally, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis should be run in tandem. As the optimization method provides the best set of inputs for optimum
set to be used in the management of any emergency response operation across all the government levels regardless of the kind of incident, its complexity or magnitude. The Incident Command System: the critical component of the NIMS, provides a consistent system of managing incidents (Nicholas, Howitt & Giles, 2017). Every state government has used executive orders or any other policy mechanism to adopt this system of the emergency
seasonal vaccination to target only specific strains, which puts us in a race against the clock in the prevention of the next pandemic. One key to solving this is the development of a universal influenza vaccine, which would elicit a broad antibody response. This would target either multiple strains or strains from the past, present, and future in a single vaccination. As vaccine may target sites such as the neuraminidase (NA) or the M2 Ion channel, hemagglutinin (HA) is preferred by most approaches
Antibiotics basically refer to chemical substances that can inhibit and destroy the growth of microorganisms (Gottileb,1976; Katz and Demain,1977). Antibiotic term was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman to describe any substance produced by a microorganism which interfere with the growth of other microorganism (SA Waksman, 1947). Each antibiotic is produced by a relatively limited number of species and is inherited from specific set of genes. These are the products of secondary metabolism which
because they are reported to induce compressive residual stresses on the work piece surface, which in turn, results in improvement of tribological properties such as wear resistance, fatigue life, corrosion resistance, etc. Burnishing, which is one of the effective methods used to improve the surface properties, is essentially a cold working process involving movement of raised micro-irregularities on the surface layer accompanied by filling up of micro-cavities.
Research methodology is analogous to a kaleidoscope (Cunningham, 2000). Just as a kaleidoscope reveals different shapes and colours of objects to the viewer depending on the angle at which it is held, a methodology provides different observations on phenomena for the researcher depending on how it is employed and implemented. Studies like this have blended the positivist and interpretive philosophies. This study adopted what Cunningham et al., (2000) refer to as methodological triangulation or the
B. Strategies to Defend ICS: Apart from penetration tests there are several strategies that ICS can implement to reduce the vulnerability and make the system. (“Seven steps to effectively defend ICS,” n.d.) Below are the strategies: 1. Implementation of Application Whitelisting (AWL): Detecting ICS cyber-attack is difficult; hence we need Application Whitelisting (AWL). In one of the cyber-attack a malware having 0 percent detection rate compromised 80 percent of the assets of ICS,
highest at the outer surface of the pipe. The highest stresses due to the bending can be written as; by bz M y Z M z Z (Eq 3.41) [3] (Eq 3.42) [3] Where; Z (r 4 r 4 ) (Eq 3.43) [3] 4ro The resultant bending stress will be; 2 2 1 2 2 b by bz Z M y M z (Eq 3.44) [3] The bending stress due to the torsion moment Mx is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and maximum at the outer surface of the pipe. The
The term methodology refers to the way in which we approach problems and try to find answers and in social science, it applies to how research is conducted, our assumptions, interest and purposes shape which methodology we choose (Steven, 2016:3).Qualitative research is understanding people from their own perspectives, their viewpoint and experiencing reality as they experience it. Qualitative research has many approaches or methods of collecting data and one of them is an interview which I have
Bicycle has been used as an important mode of non-motorized transportation to enhance the transportation sustainability, and reduce air and noise pollution, as well as, a reduction in traffic congestion compared. Moreover, the use of bicycle also contributes to slow down the climate change and improved health, according to Human Factors/Ergonomics (HF/E) professionals (1). In recent years, increasing population densities and social sentiments toward sustainability as the main driving forces has
" (Hoepfl, 1997, p.13). "During the past several decades, particularly during the 1970s and 1980s, naturalistic inquiry (or qualitative research) has gained considerable acceptance. Nevertheless, the debate between quantitative and qualitative methodologies, as competing positions, persists. It is important to recognize the limitations of viewing quantitative and qualitative methods as completely different or competing approaches" (Custer, 1996, p. 4). What exactly are the basic differences between
Krishnan et al. claimed that braking capability of cars, response time of drivers, speed of cars, type of cars and mass of cars are important factors affecting crashes. They used these factors as criteria for designing their rear-end collision-warning system. As far as the writers are mindful the first accident-prediction
Defining and Analyzing Mixed Method Johnson and Christensen (2007) describe mixed research as the third and newest research methodology paradigm. Philosophically, mixed research takes an eclectic, pragmatic, and commonsense approach, suggesting that the researcher mix quantitative and qualitative in a way that works best for the given research question that is studied in a particular context. Mixed research uses both deductive and inductive methods, obtains both quantitative and qualitative data
Qualitative Research Publication Critique Qualitative research is subjective and pieces together a person’s experiences, interactions, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior to gain insight into the action and choices of human behavior, which contributes to the development of evidence-based interventions and guidelines (Grove, Gray, & Burns, 2015). In the article by Gaydos et al. (2015) regarding infant safe sleep recommendations, a qualitative study was conducted to gain knowledge of how providers counsel
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction In designing a railway wheel, the important thing that must be considered is material used. Choosing the right material will give a better result to the performance and the condition of the wheel. It is believed that most of the problems that occur to the railway wheel are the result from the thread braking, which is known as non-uniform heating. Thermal loading has the ability to initiate cracks, increase the crack growth rate and also reverse the residual stress
enlisted in Table 1; the response of the FLC is being acquired by using in SIMULINK/MATLAB. Normally two inputs, one is the speed error having the 5 membership functions, two trapezoidal and three triangular and the other is the change in error having 3 membership functions, two trapezoidal, one triangular. Also have one output change in control having 5 membership functions and all are triangular in shape. When the membership functions and Fuzzy rules are resolute, the Surface viewer is developed showing
Quality Management is: "Total Quality Management is a [holistic] business management methodology that aligns the activities of all employees in an organization with the common focus of customer satisfaction [to be achieved] through continuous improvement in the quality of all activities [processes], ... ... middle of paper ... ...ve ideas and assisting with identifying problems before the problems actually surface by coming together and establishing corrective solutions (Fraser, 1996). Management
Overview of autoethnographic research Hayano (1979) first introduced the term “auto-ethnography” in response to his questions around the issue of how people could create ethnographies of their own cultures, but the extent of its relevance and application only arose in the coming years. This relevance was due to the shift away from canonical forms of research that were “author evacuated texts” (Sparkes, 2000, p. 22) towards a more personalised approach. This was a direct echo of the post-modern movement