such places as ancient Rome, Egypt, India and China. 2 3 4 5 The disease can be caused by different mycobacterium such as Mycobacterium bovis, M. africanum, M. canettii, M. microti, and most commonly, M. tuberculosis; although the five are highly similar and are together termed the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Recently, two additional organisms. Mycobacterium pinnipedii and Mycobacterium caprae have also been implicated with the disease in humans. 6, 7 Members of the MTBC are gram-positive
BACKGROUND Types of Silica Crystalline silica may be of several distinct types. Quartz, a form of silica and the most common mineral in the earth's crust, is associated with many types of rock. Other types of silica include cristobalite and tridymite. Potential for Exposure During Construction Concrete and masonry products contain silica sand and rock containing silica. Since these products are primary materials for construction, construction workers may be easily exposed to respirable crystalline
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Introduction Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been present in the human population for thousands of years; fragments of the spinal column from Egyptian mummies from 2400 BCE show definite pathological signs of tubercular decay. Called "consumption," tuberculosis was recognized as the leading cause of mortality by 1650. Using a new staining technique, Robert Koch identified the bacterium responsible for causing consumption in 1882. While scientists finally had a target
INTRODUCTION Nature of the Bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the bacterium that causes the disease tuberculosis (TB). A distinctive characteristic of the genus Mycobacteria is the presence of a thick lipid-rich cell wall and resistance to the decolourization step of the gram stain (being acid-fast). The acid-fast characteristic of the M. tuberculosis is the result of a waxy, lipid-rich cell wall. The cell envelope of the tubercle bacilli contains a layer beyond the peptidoglycan
Intrudactoun Sonci 1973, cuntrullong bedgirs on Griet Broteon hes biin e pulotocel prublim. Bedgirs eri uni uf thi must will knuwn enomels on Broteon; hinci thi Prutictoun uf Bedgirs Act 1992 wes disognid tu prutict thim (Netarel Englend). Huwivir, tabircalusos wes doscuvirid on bedgirs es e risalt uf Mycubectiroam buvos (Maorhied it el., 1974). Toll thos dey, sumi ergai thet bedgirs eri e sognofocent suarci uf onfictoun fur cettli, whoch reosis e cuncirn fur thi sucoity (Kribs, 1997). Thirifuri
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common disease worldwide which caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With close to 10 million new cases per year, and a pool of two billion latently infected individuals, control efforts are struggling in many parts of the world (The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body (Comas and Gagneux, 2009). It is important for a nurse to understand how tuberculosis develops, how to diagnosis, treatment, and prevent. Myobaterium
Introduction Drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) has become a severe global health threat. The fight against TB is now facing major challenges due to the appearance of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and more recently, the virtually untreatable Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB). MDR-TB are strains that are resistant to both top first-line drugs, Isoniazid and Rifampin, while XDR-TB are MDR-TB strains that are also resistant to any fluoroquinolone and one or
FAST FACT OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS What is bovine tuberculosis and what causes it? • Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic and debilitating disease of animals caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium bovis, (M.bovis) which is closely resembled to the avian and human tuberculosis causing bacteria. This disease is characterized by causing general state of illness, coughing and death. • Cattle and buffalo are the main hosts of the bacteria. • The name Tuberculosis derives from ‘tubercles’, which are present
studied are immigrants primarily Hispanic and Latinos with tuberculosis. The goal is to teach immigrants on how to prevent the spreading of TB and how to prevent the disease. An estimated one third of the world 's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2012 there were 9,975 cases of TB reported and of those cases 28% where Hispanic or Latino. This respiratory disease is the most common in the lungs (World Health Organization, 2014). The brain which causes tuberculosis meningitis
and Africa.4 Pakistan is ranked 6th in terms of estimated number of the tuberculosis cases by World Health Organization (WHO) among high burden countries.5It is the second leading cause of adult death in impoverished communities of Pakistan.6 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the main causative organism which attacks the lungs but can also infect other organs of the body. M.tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that is highly adapted to human.7The bacterium spread primarily through aerosolized
malnourished, or among alcoholic males, minorities and immigrants. The majority of active cases result from reactivation of old, dormant infections. I. History of Mycobacterium tuberculosis In the year 1882, Robert Koch identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). According to Mandal, Mycobacterium tuberculosis existed about 15,000 to 20,000 years ago. It has also been proved that Europeans contributed a a very large extension in the spead of TB around the word
**INTRODUCTION** Hello everyone, I am here again to tell us about another flesh eating disease. The previous one I talked about was the Necrotizing Fasciitis, you can read about that one [here](https://steemit.com/steemstem/@florae/necrotizing-fasciitis-the-flesh-eating-disease-it-s-brief-history-causes-diagnoses-prevention-treatment-mode-of-entry-etc) its a deadly one too and also has similar features with the one I’ll identify in this article. Ladies and gentlemen allow me to introduce you to
The problem: Tuberculosis has been known to mankind since ancient times. Earlier this disease has been called by numerous names including ‘consumption’ (because of the severe weight loss) and ‘the white plague.’ Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the bacteria that causes TB), existed 15,000 to 20,000 years ago. In the 18th century in Western Europe, tuberculosis reached its peak with a occurrence as high as 900 deaths per 100,000.2 What is tuberculosis (TB disease)? Tuberculosis is a contagious airborne
Most types of mycobacteria develop a rope like structured bacteria. Types in its Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a genetically configured to specially to transmit a disease to human. Mycobacterium tuberculosis most commonly attacks the lungs, but tuberculosis germs can infect any body part. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterial form of species within the family of Mycobacteriaceae. Tuberculosis can be found mostly in Africa and
Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which causes millions of death in humans. In India approximately 500,000 deaths occurs now and then. TB is an air borne disease which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Apart from M. tuberculosis, there are many strains of Mycobacterial species like M. bovis , M .africanum , M. microti, M. caprae , M. pinnipedi i, M. canetti and M. mungi. Together these species are known to be M. tuberculosis complex. The main target of tuberculosis is the
Tuberculosis as (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is slow growing bacteria that thrive in areas of the body that are rich in blood and oxygen, such as the lungs. Tuberculosis develops when Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria are inhaled into the lungs. The infection usually stays in the lungs, but the bacteria can travel through the bloodstream to other parts of the body. Symptoms of active tuberculosis in the lungs begin gradually and develop over a period of weeks or months. You
therapy. The results showed that not only did the therapy release pressure, it also lessened the pain and increased mobility Tuberculosis (TB) What is the health problem? Tuberculosis is a contagious lung disease caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Symptoms of tuberculosis include: coughing, chest pains, fatigue, fever, unintentional weight loss, etc . . . Over time, it is possible for tuberculosis to spread to the brain and spine Tuberculosis, like common colds, is spread through
which South Africa has one of the highest rates of it in the world. The blood-stained sputum was evaluated with an acid-fast stain, which can be used to identify organisms in the genus Mycobacterium, which are indicated by bright red bacilli. The Lowenstein-Jensen Medium is used for the cultivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and provided the confirmation that the agent that the student contracted
Tuberculosis TB is a disease that can cause a serious illness and can damage a person's organs. Every year more than 25,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with TB disease. That's only a fraction of the amount of people who carry the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rod-shaped bacterium. TB is spread through the air by carriers of the germ. People who breathe the same air can become infected with the TB germ. People who do work around or with people with the TB disease should
Tuberculosis or TB is an airborn infection caused by inhaled droplets that contain mycobacterium tuberculosis. When infected, the body will initiate a cell-mediated hypersensitivity response which leads to formation of lesion or cavity and positive reaction to tuberculin skin test (Kaufman, 2011). People who have been infected with mycobacteria will have a positive skin test, but only ones who have active TB will show signs and symtoms. Basic signs and symptoms include low grade fever, cough with