endogenous (from the liver) carried in very low density lipoprotein. Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and for pancreatitis. More importantly Hypertriglyceridemia is usually accompanied with other lipid abnormalities and metabolic syndrome which is connected to coronary artery disease. Classification Primary Causes of Hypertriglyceridemia Familial hypertriglyceridemia is a condition defined by an isolated very low density lipoprotein, which is not as rich in triglyceride
the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy fat-like substance and is a major class of lipid, so it gets into the blood by lipoproteins [1]. A high level of lipoproteins is unhealthy. A high level can result in an elevated risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease [2]. The high levels of lipoproteins are often influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as obesity or dieting habits [2]. High cholesterol can be caused by mutations
blood attached to a protein. This combination of cholesterol and protein is called lipoprotein. 1. Low density lipoprotein - This can cause a buildup of plaque on the walls of arteries.The more LDL in the blood, greater the risk of heart disease. 2. High density lipoprotein - This helps the body to get rid of bad cholesterol in the blood. Higher the level of HDL cholesterol, the better. 3. Very low density lipoprotein - VLDL contains more fat and less protein.It is similar to LDL. Causes of High
arteries and overall in excess are not good for a patient’s body because they are known to clog a person’s arteries which lead to many other diseases and conditions that are much worse, including a heart attack. Lipoproteins like the LDL (low density lipoproteins) and the HDL (high density lipoproteins) are the fat like complexes in the blood. Hyperlipidemia can be further separated into two subcategories including hypercholesterolemia, which means a high level of cholesterol in the blood, hypertriglyceridemia
INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Hypercholesterolemia, which is a specific type of hyperlipidemia and characterized by excessively high plasma cholesterol level, is a strong risk contributor for many cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis (Stapleton et al., 2010). The by-products of cholesterol cause the stiffening of the arteries by forming a thick tough deposit on their inner walls, leading to the starvation of the heart with blood by making the flow of blood stop entirely (Thomas
definition however, as outlined by the University of Maryland Medical Center [UMMC] (2010), considers a total cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL or higher to be high cholesterol. Within this total is the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL or “good” cholesterol) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL or “bad” cholesterol). Below 40 mg/dL is considered poor for HDL, while an optimal level of 60 mg/dL or above is more desirable. A LDL level of 160-189 mg/dL is considered high, and the optimal level is 100-129
Atherosclerosis is the culprit behind coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, which is the most common cause of death worldwide and in the United States10. Among the modifiable risk factors of CHD and stroke is the serum low density lipoprotein level (LDL)8, 11. Several randomized clinical trials have established that reducing the serum LDL level results in a reduction in the future risk of CHD and stroke in a linear relationship, in one study it was estimated that reducing the LDL by 1 % would
through the bloodstream in small packages called lipoproteins. These packages are made of proteins and lipids. There are two kinds of lipoproteins which carry cholesterol throughout our bodies; they are low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). High density lipoprotein is known as good cholesterol. HDL takes the bad cholesterol out of blood by transporting it to the liver and keep it from building up in arteries. Low-density cholesterol is known as bad cholesterol because
When people think of a healthy lifestyle, they tend to think of people that live in the gym everyday and are probably vegan or vegetarian. Being healthy isn’t about living in gym every day for hours on end; it actually is the exact opposite. Having a healthy lifestyle isn’t a hard thing to do. Eating healthy is probably the hardest of them all though. Who doesn’t love a nice greasy cheeseburger, loaded down with some mayonnaise and all the fixings? Unfortunately, eating like that and doing little
health care costs that are related to elevated cholesterol levels annually (CDC, 2011). Elevated cholesterol levels are associated with limited access to health care; therefore looking into areas of lifestyle changes for health care benefits that are low cost and effective would be valuable (CDC, 2011). Description of Search: The process used in searching for articles started in CINA... ... middle of paper ... ...the study the participants had to be female and obtain permission from a doctor to
several lipids combine with proteins this forms lipoproteins, these transport fat throughout the bloodstream. High-density lipoproteins, also known as HDL, carry fat away from body cells, therefore preventing its growth in the artery walls. Low-Density Lipoproteins, also known as LDL, contain a high amount of cholesterol and seem to help the build up of fatty materials in the artery walls. The situation that you should go for would be high HDL and low LDL levels. Your goal should be to keep your overall
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of unfavo- rable health factors including abdominal obesity, dys- lipidemia, hypertension and glucose intolerance [1,2] and is strongly associated with increased risk of cardio- vascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes [1,2]. One of the key drivers in the development of MetS is obesity [3]. In recent years, the global prevalence of obesity has increased at alarming rates, and MetS and its con- sequences have become a major public health burden [4,5]. This
Health associations are always advertising the risks of eating every food product this world has seen whether it’s doughnuts and cookies or even beef and chicken. For the most part, they aren’t trying to be a pain but there is a good reason behind their suggestions and regulations, and it’s not always the whole food itself but just a small piece inside it. Trans fats are one of the most feared, yet consumed, of the “killer foods”. While people overreact to the health lectures of how bad it is for
Manufacturing Cycle and Environmental Impact The most common form of polyethylene is petroleum based or olefins based; as before mentioned polyethylene compounds have a wide commercial applicability and are made from non-renewable resources (Harding, Dennis, von Blottnitz, Harrison, & S.T.L., 2007). Its manufacturing processes are regarded as energy intensive and release significant amount of CO2 and heat into the atmosphere (Broderick, 2008). Next a little more detailed description of polyethylene’s
Stainless steel is a type of alloy that has a very strong lattice structure (an arrangement/ shape of the crystals or other objects) which in some case can be more beneficial than others depending on the type of application it may be used for. In many cases this structure will make the material more suited to being used in engineering applications such as tools for instance a hammer (stainless steel alloys) , also they can be used for gears, engines, electrical motors and hydraulic systems because
BME 792 Courtney Kinser Term Paper 05/04/18 Abstract Statins are currently the gold standard in treatment of atherosclerosis, with the aim of reducing serum low density lipoprotein levels. However, recent research supports atherosclerosis as a complex inflammatory condition, with the benefits of statins being partially attributed to their effects on smooth muscle cells, plaque stability and endothelial function, as well as their involvement in macrophages and the inflammatory response. Traditionally
Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is a chronic disease that is part of the endocrine system. Hypothyroidism is due low or lack of tri-iodothryonine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) thyroid hormones being produced by the thyroid gland. The lack of thyroid hormones could be due to iodine or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency or underactive thyroid gland (Sherwood, 2012). Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are involved in almost every part of the body. It is ten times more prevalent in female than male
patients a high prevalence of coronary heart disease is observed at a relatively young age. Thus, risk factors for atherosclerosis must be defined and avoided in patients with diabetes mellitus. Abnormality of lipids such as high triglyceride levels and low HDL cholesterol levels emerged as residual cardiovascular risks for diabetic patients (Ehara et al., 2012). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased incidence of atherosclerotic
The World Health Organization defines coronary heart disease as a disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle where they are narrowing or blockage causes by cholesterol plagues deposit on the vessel wall resulting in abnormal thickening of the of the heart vessels (WHO, 2014). Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of 10 leading causes of death in the world (WHO, 2013). It remains the top major killers worldwide and continues to be a major burden in public health (Ferrari & Fox, 2009). According
This protein is involved in the WNT signaling pathway acting as a coreceptor for WNT …” Loss of function mutation in the gene for low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 has been shown to cause osteoporosis. WNT role associated with LRP5 is that is controls multiple aspect of skeletal development. Pathways activated by WNT increase bone mass through stimulation of pre- osteoblast