Introduction Staining is used in a variety of ways in order to color the background of a cell, discern types of cells and to discern structures of a cell. A differential stain is when multiple dyes are used to stain a cell that take advantage of chemical differences in a cell. Gram staining is a type of differential stain that works by distinguishing gram positive and gram negative cells by coloring them violet or red, respectively. Gram positive cells contain a thick cell wall of peptidoglycan
Gram staining is the most essential and all around used staining technique in bacteriology lab. Gram staining was firstly presented by Christian Gram in 1883. This method is utilized to distinguish between gram positive and gram negative bacteria which have consistent differences in their cell wall. Gram positive bacteria stain blue-purple and gram negative bacteria stain pink-red. There are a few objectives as to why we ought to do this experiment; to gain knowledge of the differences between gram
In the late 1800s, Hans Christian Gram developed the gram staining procedure. Gram staining is a valuable diagnostic tool used in the clinical and research world. The gram stain is a method used to determine the identification of unknown bacteria. (BIO215, 2017) According to Healthline.com, typically when you’re sick, you go to the doctors. If your doctor happens to suspect that you may have an infection, he or she may order to have a culture, and/or a gram stain done to check for bacteria. If
know how to do Gram Stain technique and biochemical testing to determine the name of the unknown species. We used 18 media with 15 reagents, to determine unknown species, which was provided by the Eastfield Dallas community College’s science department. All the methods to determine the “Unknown Lab” were in the book written by Tammy Oliver, Ph.D.
several different biochemical tests to identify it. Starting with the Gram stain test, which is performed to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. After staining, when observed through the microscope Gram-positive cells are a purple color with thick peptidoglycan cell walls. Gram-negative cells are a pinkish/red color with thinner cell walls. (handout G. s.) My organism was observed to be pinkish rod shaped meaning it is Gram-negative bacteria. The Phenol Red Carbohydrate Fermentation Broth
by the reaction. A scientist named Christian Gram invented a technique called gram staining by which is colorized that is separated into two groups Gram positive and Gram negative. In bacteria most have rigid cell walls in which is accountable for the shape of the organism. Within the cell wall of the bacteria it identifies whether the bacteria is gram positive or negative. In the cell wall there a lot of difference that determines the bacteria is gram is positive or negative for example the thickness
develop varying phenotypes within the same species due to frequent mutation and horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, it is possible that the results obtained in our lab may vary from those provided in Bergey’s Manual. Arriving to the conclusion that the Gram negative bacteria was Klebsiella pneumoniae was much more direct. Using Bergey’s Flowchart for identification, the bacteria shared the test results and had a similar shape and
Introduction The genus Listeria contains six species, two of which are considered pathogenic: Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii. L. monocytogenes is the only species that is associated with listeriosis in humans (1). L. monocytogenes is a Gram-positive rod, facultative anaerobe; at room temperature, it exhibits tumbling motility due to peritrichous flagella (1). It has an optimal growth temperature of 32-35oC, but L. monocytogenes can grow between 0-45oC, pH 4.4-9.4, and a water activity
collecting results from fourth week and will restreak the colonies into a non selective medium ( Tryptic soy agar) Sixth week: during this week, I will be collecting results from fifth week and conducting different biochemical testing which include gram stain, catalase, acid production of carbohyrdrate test and API Listeria. Seventh week: This week will be used for the collection of the biochemical testing from the sixth week. Eighth week : this week will be used for the data analysis of the results
Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped Gram-negative chemoheterotroph bacterium. The size of individual cells varies from 0.4~0.6μm by 1.2~2.5μm. P. vulgaris possesses peritrichous flagella, making it actively motile. It inhabits the soil, polluted water, raw meat, gastrointestinal tracts of
first beginning with a Gram Stain test. By doing this test it would be easier to determine which route to take on the man made flow chart. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria have a set of different tests to help determine the unknown bacterium. Based on the different tests that were conducted in lab during the semester it was determined that the blood agar, MSA, and catalase test are used for gram positive bacteria while Macconkey, EMB, TSI, and citrate tests are used for gram negative bacteria
unknown microorganism according to the laboratory manual as well as my class notes and power point print outs. I was given an incubated agar slant labeled #16 and a rack of different tests to either examine or perform myself; the tests are as follows: Gram Stain; Nutrient Gelatin Test; Carbohydrate Fermentation; Dextrose, Lactose and Sucrose; IMVIC tests; Citrate, Indole, Mythel-Red and Vogues Proskauer test; as well as a Urease and TSI Test. Materials and Methods/Results Upon receiving the unknown Microorganism
Our lab manual states that dissecting a fish/squid gives anyone who has not experienced one "a chance to see just exactly what makes an organism tick on the inside and how they compare to human internal anatomy" (Mertz, Garrison and Baker 164). What is meant by this is, by becoming familiar with the essential organs and body parts of vertebrate organisms such as a fish or rat, along with those of invertebrates like a squid or crab, one can have an idea of what to expect with the anatomy of humans
Assignment 1 Gram stains are commonplace in many labs. It has many advantages including: The gram stain assists medical professionals in identifying if bacteria are the cause of an infection and then it helps determine a course of treatment. Treatment of Gram-negative bacteria results in the releases of the toxin Lipid A. The longer the delay in treatment results in more bacterial growth, the more bacterial growth the more toxins the patient will be subjected to. If enough toxins are released
to do a gram stain. The gram stain, which was purple, resulted in gram-positive cocci. The gram-positive eliminated all the possibilities of unknown 413 being any gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis etc. The cocci morphology result eliminated any possibilities of it being any bacteria that are a rod. This left five different genera: Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, Micrococcus, and Enterococcus as a choice for the unknown. Knowing that the unknown 413 is gram positive
Two unknown solutions were given to conduct a lab, to determine the macromolecules within them by conducting a series of macromolecule tests. The unknown solution which will be discussed is Solution #1 as shown in Table #2; this solution was known as Unknown #2. The solution was of a watery consistency; it was transparent yet had a pinkish hue to it. There were no visible grains in the solution, unlike other solutions that could not fully dissolve certain products. The Fats test, Protein test, Starch
eighteen tests were done, the microorganism I identified and the subject of this report is Enterobacter aerogenes; this organism was obtained at random by picking an unlabeled tube with the microorganism in it. A website articulates “E. aerogenes is a gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, citrate positive, indole negative, rod-shaped bacterium” ("Enterobacter Aerogenes — Details", 2009). "Enterobacter Aerogenes." is a bacterium that causes diseases in humans by accidental bacteria transfer
After gram staining, it was revealed that unknown 1 microscopic morphology was Gram positive cocci in clusters Staphylococcus epidermiclis. When observed under the microscope, the bacteria’s morphology displayed a purple color, round shape, and clustered together like bundles of grapes. It was difficult to locate the specimen due to the student’s lack of experience with using the microscope. The student forgot to use the stage clip to hold the slide in place, which made it difficult to control
the bacteria. We prepared a SOP by incorporating laboratory techniques that were considered as determinative tests in the dichotomous keys (appendix B and appendix C). The first two steps we performed to form the basis of identification were Gram’s staining and plate streaking of the sample. The supplied broth culture was streaked out simultaneously on one of each Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA), Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and MacConkey Agar (MAC) plate. The streaking was performed using the quadrant streak
look very similar to a question mark. It also has internal flagella. The size is around 5um. The gram stain reaction of L. interrogans is gram negative. To stain this bacteria you must use a relatively new staining technique termed immunofluorescence which uses a ultraviolet light to identify its staining. You can also use an older technique that is very time consuming, which is silver staining. There are only a few diseases caused by L. interrogans. These are Weil’s Disease, a severe form