Esters are pervasive in nature and commonly used in industry which makes them an essential functional group to everyday life. This investigation was conducted to find how the molecular structure and electron movement contribute to the properties performed by esters within molecules. It was found that, in nature, esters are responsible for pheromones released by plants and animals and also for the pleasant aromas of many fruits and flowers. In industry, it was found that esters are needed to create
nitrogen and carbonyl so it’s hydrophilic.2. Hydroxyl: hydrophilic because of the presence of Oxygen that can H-bond with water.3.benzene ring: lipophilic because of non-polar hydrocarbon ring. 4. Methyl is lipophilic because of the nonpolar hydrocarbon group. Aspirin: 1. Carboxylic acid: Oxygen that’s polar which can H-bond with water. 2. Ester: lipophilic because it is non polar although it has oxygen. 3. Benzene: lipophilic because of non-polar hydrocarbon ring. Phenyl butazone 1. Carbonyl: hydrophilic
technology kept changing and became more advanced companies realized that having “multi-tasking employees” was not enough to satisfy the market demands and the production problems they were having at that moment. In other to solve these problems, group of employees were assigned different tasks, and without probably knowing, they started to form what we know today “teams”. Nowadays, big and small companies tend to believe that the solution to their problems is creating teams. Even though this thought
Chloromethane, more commonly referred to as methyl chloride, is an organic compound categorized as a haloalkane functional group. Functional groups are atoms that control how the molecule will react with other molecues. Haloalkane functional groups consist of a carbon atom with four single bonds and one of the bonds in occupied by an element in the Halogen family; in this case chlorine. The structural formula is CH3Cl. This formula effects some of the physical properties which include the boiling
mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid to give the 4-nitro derivative (3). The nitro group in compound (3) is then displaced by hydroxymethylation in a nucleophilic substitution reaction to yield compound (4). This is then treated with acetic acid anhydride in a redox reaction to yield the ester derivative (5). Compound 5 is then treated with a base to form the corresponding alcohol (6). The hydroxyl group of compound 6 is then displaced in a substitution reaction with a chloride using thionyl
chemical and physical techniques. The only thing is known about the compound is that it contains one of the functional group: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, phenol and ester. Therefore I devised a sequence of tests that would identify which one of the groups the sample contains. The flow chart below shows the chemical techniques, which I will use to identify the functional group of the unknown. 1: Test with universal indicator. [IMAGE] Turn red turn And other colour.
Purpose: To help students identify the functional groups in a mixture of two compounds by interpreting the IR spectroscopy, measuring the boiling point, comparing the physical and chemical properties of an unknown with a known substance. In addition, students will learn how impurities affect the boiling point and solubility of a substance. Procedure: The student will read the IR spectroscopy of the unknown first. Then perform various tests and measure the boiling point. Beilstein Test The Beilstein
makeup of pharmaceuticals. Qualitative analysis is a method of testing a chemical mixture to determine its chemical makeup, such as its functional group. Identifying functional groups of an unknown compound are important, as it helps in understanding how a chemical acts under certain conditions, such as when changing physical states. Depending on the functional group, the boiling point will be higher or lower, due to the strong or weak intermolecular forces. In this experiment qualitative analysis is
Ritalin (Methylphenidate) Optimization Ritalin Pills Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the dominating psychiatric disorder found in children. The creation of the drug Ritalin based on the molecule Methylphenidate in the early 90’s sparked a widespread use of this psycho stimulant, which still remains as one of the most popular drugs used to counteract the symptoms of ADHD. My ultimate goal in this research project is to design analogs for the drug Ritalin
Diphenyl ether, first gaining attention in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, is an organic compound that belongs to the ether organic functional group with a molecular formula of C12H10O. Also referred to as 1,1’-Oxybisbenzene, biphenyl oxide, diphenyl oxide, phenyl oxide, phenyl ether, or phenoxybenzene, diphenyl ether consists of two phenyl rings attached by an oxygen atom. The structural formula appears in Figure 1. Phenyl rings, C6H5, are extremely similar to benzene rings, C6H6
3 Bromine chain ends of the polymer were altered into an azide end group and then reacted with terminal alkynes to make diverse functional end groups. 3 All from resource 5____ High effiencey reaction , solved many problems in polymer science – concerning : a) poor degree of functionalization with many usual methods of polymerization concerning star- , graft-
Experiment 02: Synthesis and characterisation of Benzocaine Introduction Benzocaine is described and used in the industry as local external anaesthetic; it is constructed of a white crystalline powder. The advantage of anaesthetics such as benzocaine is the action can be reversible where the use is followed by a completed recovery of the tissue with no potential permanent damage being caused. Aim The purpose of conducting this experiment was to synthesise and characterise for the preparation
Fruits and vegetables are important components of our diet. We take fruits in raw state or in the form of juices, while vegetables are taken in the cooked form or sometimes as juices. Fruits and vegetables provide us carbohydrates, proteins and various other important organic compounds. The juices are rich sources of minerals, vitamins and many micronutrients (calcium, iron etc.) essential for us. For example, iron deficiency in humans causes anaemia and anaemic persons are advised to take
The peaks at representative frequencies help determine which functional groups are in the molecule of a certain compound1. As explained in Table 1, the IR spectrum for 1-propanol was slightly different than the IR spectrum of its products, the racemic mixture of 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane. The starting material had
The Knorr synthesis of the pyrrole, 2,4-diethoxycarbonyl-3,5-dimethylpyrrole, was achieved using an α-amino ketone, ethyl acetoaminoacetate and reacting it with its predecesso r, ethyl acetoacetate in a double condensation reaction . The product was analysed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy giving positive results . Introduction Pyrrole has been a molecule of great interest due to its heterocyclic aromatic properties. The lone pair on the nitrogen is delocalised within
formation of the ylide, the phosphonium ion in benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride is deprotonated by the base, sodium hydroxide to produce the ylide as shown in equation 1. The positive charge on the phosphorus atom is a strong EWG (electron-withdrawing group), which will trigger the adjacent carbon as a weak acid 5 Very strong bases are required for deprotonation such as an alkyl lithium however in this experiment 50% sodium hydroxide was used as reiterated. Lastly, the reaction between ylide and aldehyde/ketone
Azo compounds are those having R-N=N-R΄ functional group, where R and R΄ can be either aryl or alkyl. It is a derivative of Diazene (Diimide) NH=NH, where both the hydrogen replaced by hydrocarbonyl group e.g PhN=NPh (Azobenzene or diphenyldiazene). The N=N is called as azo group. As a consequence of π – delocalization phenyl azo compounds have vivid colour like red, yellow and orange, due to this, it is used as a dye and known as azo dye [3]. Azo compounds have been incorporated into a wide variety
Statistics show that alcohol make a big impact to the world and everybody in it. According to Wikipedia, “It is an an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom” (Alcohol). Based on the people around the world, alcohol is an enjoyment for them to relax, to forget peer pressure and also is used as an excuse for people to hang out and get drunk. And it is also one of the reason lead to accidents and crime ,which happens almost everyday and kill many people
Opioids are a group of drugs that act as pain relievers. Morphine and Codeine are the most well-known of these opioids. Morphine is administered in hospitals and is used to treat extreme pain, generally after surgery. Opioids are also native to our body, the ones we produce are known as endorphins. When an opioid is released into the body, it binds to opioid receptors, these reduce nerve transmission and therefore reduce pain and to a lesser extent, emotions. Over time the body will develop a dependence
With a multitude of carbon compounds existing in this world, there was a need for a way to organize all of them by their characteristics. A few of the many functional groups include alcohol, aldehydes, amines, esters, ethers, and ketones. The substance that seems most interesting is benzoin, which is characterized in two of the functional groups mentioned. It is involved in many different processes and is widely used in foods, mainly baked products. Benzoin is viewed as off-white crystals, with a slight