which produce a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Zygote been formed from Two gametes, which develops into a new sporophyte. This cycle is known as alternation of generations. Type of bacterial spores Endospores Endospores, are powerful against harsh chemical and physical conditions. This gives the ability to the bacteria to resist disinfectants, radiation, desiccation and heat. Bacillus are a big reason for food and medical contamination and are often difficult
The only way to ensure that sterilization has occurred is to use the biological monitoring methods. This is because these are the only tests done which show whether or not actual microbial life has been killed. Biological methods are the only ones which are recommended by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the AAMI (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation), the AMA (American Medical Association), OSHA, and OSAP (Office Safety and Asepsis Procedures Foundation)
Tetanus is a bacterial infection which is spread by a bacterium named Clostridium tetani which usually lives in soil/ground matter, commonly contracted through your feet when cuts or wounds occur, mostly in rural and farming communities. These bacteria spread a toxin into wounds which then reciprocates the toxin into the brain or the spinal cord. There it interferes with the regular cellular activity. Tetanus will mostly affect the motor nerves which will interfere with the messages sent to our muscles
Endospores Endospores are highly differentiated cells (unique from other cells) that are resistant to heat, harsh chemicals, and radiation.They are in the dormant stage of the bacterial life cycle but can rapidly convert back and forth between a vegetative cell (activation, germination, outgrowth). Endospores are present only in some gram-positive bacteria such as bacillus and clostridium. Endospores are common in soil and can be easily dispersed by
that the bacterium was Gram positive, rod shaped, and arranged in chains. There was presence of bubbles after testing for catalase, therefore it was a catalase positive. The bacterium was an Endospore positive because after a close examination under a microscope, I observed that it had Subterminal endospore as the its position. The Acid from mannitol test resulted as positive because the phenol mannitol red broth became yellow orange. Finally, the V-P test was negative because the media turned yellow
Figure 2 depicts growth of a light brown, opaque bacteria on a Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar (PEA) plate. As seen in Figure 3, the blood agar plate shows brown growth surrounded by a very thin clear area. Figure 4 shows an endospore stain of the gram-positive unknown. It depicts green endospores surrounded by pink bacilli. Figure 5 depicts a slant of gram-positive isolate, which appears as an opaque, white film. As seen in Figure 6, the catalase test resulted in vigorous bubbling. The lactose test resulted
Medical Mycology Module (3130) Essay: Coccidioides immitis Introduction Coccidioides spp is a dimorphic fungus endemic in parts of the Western hemisphere causing a range of disease from asymptomatic infection to fatal disseminated disease. This review focuses upon its taxonomy, species identification, pathophysiology, investigation, treatment and prevention. Taxonomy Coccidioides is classified into two species, C. immitis and C. posadasii, which are distinct genetically and in geographic range but
Identifying an Unknown Bacterial Sample with Biochemical Testing Unknown #18 Bacillus subtilis Sarah Koif Submitted to Swatantra Neupane Nursing Microbiology 2460-003 Spring 2018 Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington Abstract The purpose of the unknown project was to present nursing microbiology students with an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to identify an unidentified bacterial sample by observing macroscopic and microscopic morphologies, utilizing biochemical
To prevent exposure to dangerous viruses and bacteria many people use sanitizers such as Purex or Lysol. While hand sanitizers do get rid of some types of dangerous bacteria many types of viruses are untouched by such sanitisers. Hand sanitizer works by using a chemical to disinfect the surface it is applied to. ''Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are clearly a very useful and important method to prevent most bacterial and viral infections, with rare exceptions, Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are clearly
Micrococcus is nonmotile, catalase positive, and does not form endospores (Busse 2015). The EI shares all of the previous characteristics with Micrococcus (Table 2). The EI and Micrococcus form the same cell arrangements and Micrococcus can be found in soil, where the EI was taken from (Sims et al. 1986). Micrococcus
Blackleg affects cattle worldwide and is primarily caused by a bacterium, Clostridium chauvoei. This type of bacteria exists in an endospore which allows it to lie dormant for extended periods in the cow’s gastrointestinal tract, spleen and liver, as well as in soil. Endospores are extremely resistant to environmental conditions such as heat, drought, ultraviolet radiation and chemical disinfectants. The disease is always a threat due to the dormancy periods
Assignment 1 Gram stains are commonplace in many labs. It has many advantages including: The gram stain assists medical professionals in identifying if bacteria are the cause of an infection and then it helps determine a course of treatment. Treatment of Gram-negative bacteria results in the releases of the toxin Lipid A. The longer the delay in treatment results in more bacterial growth, the more bacterial growth the more toxins the patient will be subjected to. If enough toxins are released
Fungal pneumonia has many variations throughout the environment, including Coccidioides. Within Coccidioides, there are two species that are very similar. Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are two parasitic pathogens that affect the lung and can cause flu-like or pneumonia-like symptoms in mammalian bodies. Coccidioides is a pathogen that is part of the fungal kingdom (Taxonomy Browser). The separation of the species immitis and posadasii has been a relatively new discovery. The
Name two ways contamination could have been avoided.Most of food pathogen endospores are heat resistant; therefore, they are likely to survive the temperatures that normally destroy food borne pathogens. It has been hypothesised that heat resistant increases with salinity and tends to decrease with acidity. According to recommendation
soil, plants, or water. These elliptical shaped spores have thick and layered walls which make it resistant to heat, dryness, ultraviolet light, and gamma radiations. These spores initially develop inside the rod-shaped form, causing it to be named endospore. Because the bacteria is zoonosis, which means that it affects domestic and wild animals primarily, it is very rare for people to be infected by anthrax, but it is theoretically possible when the spores get into the body either through coming in
positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall” as cited from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria. Bacillus anthracis is also an Endospore-forming, rod shaped bacterium, with a width of 1.0 to .2 µm and a length of 3–5 µm, it can be grown in an ordinary nutrient medium, under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Anthrax
1. My life before the war1 Hi, I am Jim; I a clostridium tetani bacterium but most people know our kind as tetanus. We clostridium tetani are anaerobic rod shaped bacterium, I am 4.0-8.0 µm pretty impressive huh? My parents and I live in a pile of animal feces but now I have a younger sibling so we are going to have to move to either an old rusty nail or some dust. We are just waiting here for another one of those silly human beings to come along so we can get in to their wounds and infect them;
botulinum is a strict anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus. (1,2,4) A noteworthy feature is the ability to form resistant sub-terminal endospores. (1,4) The species is classified into four different groups, based on physiological, metabolic, and genetic characteristics. (2) Group I strains are proteolytic in culture, produce toxin types A/B/F, and form heat-stable endospores. (1-3) Group II strains are non-proteolytic in culture, produce toxin types B/E/F, and are psychrotrophic. (1-3) Lastly, Group III
Bacterial growth is defined as the division of one bacterium, resulting in two identical cells. This process is referred to as the binary fission that doubles the bacteria population. All three cells are identical. The bacteria go through a growth spurt in order for it to survive and grow. In order to show a bacteria growth curve, scientists create a perfect habitat to predict the bacteria’s growth curve. The growth curve gives the scientists an idea of how certain bacteria will act and how
MICROSCOPY Microscopy is the technique to examine minute objects through microscope which can not be seen by naked eye. (1) HISTORY OF MICROSCOPY SCIENTIST YEAR CONTRIBUTION Hans and Zacharias Janssen 1590 Created first microscope Robert Hooke 1667 Published micrographia Anton van leeuwenhoek 1675 Used microscope with one lens. He was first to observe bacteria. Joseph Jackson lister 1830 Discovered that weak lenses in combination provide clear magnification Richard zsigmondy 1903 Invented ultra