Ultrasounds are the standard procedure for visualizing a fetus to establish certain conditions and to identify abnormalities. Traditionally, two-dimensional (2D) ultrasounds have been used, but in recent years three-dimensional (3D) and real time three-dimensional (4D) have been introduced. With these new options it is important to know the risks and benefits of 2D ultrasounds versus 3D/4D ultrasounds. While the equipment used for 3D/4D is different from that of 2D, the ill effects of the ultrasound
nearly 40 years after his death, Just’s work was brought into the biological community, and he was given international praise for his great research. Just pursued high education despite the challenges he faced. He was known for his extensive work in embryology and marine biology and his research laid a foundation for other works to build upon many years after his work was unearthed (Byrnes 1).
Human development can be described as the way a human body forms as the process of life begins. Along this process different kinds of mutations and diseases can occur, some may be natural and others self-afflicted (Sigelman & Rider). The area of human development I am focusing on is the time between conception and birth of a fetus, this is especially important because it is the making of a life (Sigelman & Rider). This time frame of nine months is called gestation. It is divided into three equal
Fetal and Postnatal Growth Introduction From conception through fetal development, childhood, and adolescence, there are many factors that affect the growth of a child. Throughout his life, child undergoes a remarkable transformation before reaching adulthood; this transformation involves not only physical growth and maturation but also a dazzling array of complex developmental events impacting on each organ system and on the child as a whole. Developmental phenomena can be important determinants
There are many factors that affect development. Some of those are factor, which have a direct bearing on prenatal life, later on manifest postnatal. The human body is a highly organized system with trillion of cells communicating with each other to ensure proper functioning. However those functions, can be enhance or impaired by endogenous or exogenous agent, which act in concert to produce effects during prenatal life. These effects might have consequences on emotional and cognitive development
During the course of the past thirty years, the study of model organisms has become more significant in the study of embryological development. A model organism is a species that is easy to cultivate and monitor in a laboratory environment and is used to represent broad groups of organisms. Examples of successful and important model organisms include the Ascidia, Zebrafish, and Medeka species. Through intense researching of these organisms, scientists have been able to gain valuable insight into
Although there are many factors that affect the development of the fetus, research on the specific effects of prenatal maternal stress and the resulting negative outcomes for the development of the fetus will be reviewed. While there is knowledge of these harmful effects in scientific and medical communities, researchers are still in the midst of discovering the results of these negative effects on human development. An overall review of the literature suggests that this topic is still relatively
This essay will look at and discuss the basic concept of ethics and the current issue surrounding embryology. The technique of Embryology raises many controversial ethical questions such as is it morally acceptable to destroy a potential life to sustain a new life? Is it morally right to alter natural conception laws if the benefit is producing a child without a debilitating condition? Or is this technique crossing ethical boundaries and leaving the door open to genetically engineered babies often
By the beginning of the 18th century, the theory of preformation was widely accepted and had become the dominant model of embryonic development. The research indicated, “This time period saw the beginning of the concept of emboîtement, meaning encasement: the idea that each offspring is contained pre-formed within the gonads of its parents” (Lawrence 2013). Nicolas Malebranche contributed to this theory and the model by creating a fully reasoned explanation of it based on the Cartesian principles
Biological diversity, or evolution, is such a controversial topic, whether it be based on someone’s religion, or simply because they don’t know all of the theories that are out there that explain evolution. If you don’t know, evolution is when there are genetic changes made in the next generation (biologos), or for a better definition, it is genetic change in population from one generation to another (anthro). Meaning, that as each parent has offspring, that new generation has changes made genetically
organisms evolve naturally from more simple ancestors over time. The areas of embryology and fossils have been argued from the perspectives of both creation and evolution, as more scientific evidence is found to confirm each theory. Currently evolution is more universally accepted and is the ‘prime’ theory to be taught in schools although creation may be commonly accepted. This essay will investigate the evidence from both embryology and fossils to determine which theory, creation and evolution, should be
Before We Are Born: Basic Embryology and Birth Defects, Toronto: W.B. Saunders Company, 1989. Patten, Bradley M.. Human Embryology. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1968. Report, Subcommittee on Separation of Powers to Senate Judiciary Committee S-158, 97th Congress, 1st Session 1981, p.7. Rugh, Robert and Landrum B. Shettles. Conception to Birth: The Drama of Life's Beginnings. New York: Harper and Row, 1971. Sadler, T.W. Langman's Medical Embryology. N.p.: Williams & Williams
Ian Wilmut and the Cloning of Dolly Definitions of creativity vary based on different people’s interpretations, yet most people agree that creative individuals produce new ideas that can completely change or invent a domain. According to Howard Gardner, creativity is not limited to a single domain, but is unique for all seven domains. Creativity is based on three core elements: the relationship between the child and the master, the relationship between an individual and the work in which he/she
Biology Evolution Essay The theory of evolution is one of the great explanations of human history, drastically changing our view of the world. Evolution is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors. Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution and supported it with a great body of evidence and examples. In Darwin's time, most scientists fully believed that each organism and each adaptation was the work of the creator. Yet Darwin proposed his theory
I have more than 15 years of experience working on embryonic development and assisted reproductive technologies. I consider myself an “embryology epigeneticist” who study epigenetics including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and histone variants on early embryos. My major interest is the cellular reprogramming processes. I obtained my Bachelor (1996-2000) and Master degrees (2000-2002) in the Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Taiwan. As a sophomore in 1997, I was
“Hey I been learning about something called Evolution is biology class.” I personally don’t believe in Evolution, I think it’s made up,” John told me. “Well I think it is true, because Darwin has evidence to prove it. Such as fossil records, embryology, and comparative anatomy. He also has evidence of DNA and biography/ direct observation. Evolution is real and can be proved.” I told him. “Since you don’t believe that Evolution is real, I have proof from fossil records.” “If you dig to the
for two years and learned all in vitro Fertilization techniques. During this period I studied human embryology and andrology, reproductive physiology medical laws medical ethics etc in order to certified by American Board of Bioanalysts. American Board of Bioanalysts is the certifying authority who conduct National written examinations for High Complexity Laboratory Director and Embryology Laboratory Director. They also certify of all IVF laboratories in USA for state and federal approval.
researched how species were similar, organ systems developed, and limbs evolved (Abdala, 2010). This can help scientists start to understand how or why a species separated. Comparative anatomy is scientific proof of evolution. Embryology is similar to comparative anatomy. Embryology studies the similarities among embryos (Hall, 2010). Animal embryo cells develop similarly regardless of species until certain point when differences begin to develop. These markers are evolutionary evidence for when species
that something is actually true. The theory of evolution is precisely that kind of theory because it has been confirmed in every situation in which its predictions were tested and the evidence for it lies in the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, molecular biology and biogeography. The theory of evolution is quite sophisticated scientific theory that has received a lot of misinterpretation and distortion. However, it can be explained very simply by integrating several important concepts
Gillian (2011) Functions of the placenta, Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, Volume 12, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 111-115, ISSN 1472-0299, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2010.11.001. Embryology (n.d.) The Physiology of the Placenta: Role of the placenta in the feto-maternal exhcnage processes. Human Embryology. http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/fplacenta/physio02.html [accessed 15/01/2014] Encyclopaedia Britannica (2007) Blood (biochemistry): Respiration http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/69685/blood/35406/Respiration#ref249261