Chemical Equilibrium October 14, 2017 Introduction This lab is centered around Le Chatelier’s Principle. In his research, he found that a chemical reaction can be manipulated to maximize yield. A change in one of the variables that describe a system at equilibrium produces a shift in the position of the equilibrium that counteracts the effect of this change. Le Chatelier's Principle describes what happens to a system when a stress is applied. Three ways in which we can change the conditions of a
E4Professor Kiwiett A Study of Chemical Equilibrium The goal of the experiment was to determine the equilibrium constant of the equation between the reaction: [1] Assuming that SCN– was the limiting reactant, and that essentially all of it was used up to make FeSCN2+. In equation 1, it was known that the product, FeSCN2+ was the most intensified ion relating to light absorbance. By doing this, it was possible to equate the equilibrium concentration of iron (III) thiocyanate, [FeSCN2+]
(gm/mL) Ys Concentration of benzoic acid in the extract (gm/mL) m slope of the equilibrium line dimensions e extraction factor dimensions N number of theoretical stages dimensions Zt actual height of experimental column (inches) HETS height of equivalent theoretical stages (inches) References Robbins, L. A., “Liquid-Liquid Extraction”, in Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, Sixth Ed., D. Green and R. H. Perry, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, p 51-1
Relating Chemical Systems and Equilibrium to Technology, Society, and the Environment An increase in average global temperature/an increase in extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes and tornadoes Is the carbon cycle involved? Recent scientific evidence indicates that humans have upset the carbon cycle, leaving more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, burning biomass such as ethanol and wood, creating cement and releasing
Landforms and Processes All rivers aim to reach equilibrium so they are balanced and when they are in equilibrium from source to mouth a smooth curve is created called the graded long profile. However, as you can see from the diagram many rivers such as The Afon Glaslyn, do not acheive equilibrium and reach their graded long profile: Long Profile of Afon Glaslyn River with graded long profile [IMAGE][IMAGE] Rivers become out of equilibrium when there is a change in base (sea) level. There
Investigate the Osmotic Point of Equilibrium in a Potato The following Passages are information which I have managed to find when researching the topic of Osmosis: - The cell membrane controls the movement of substances going into and out of the cells. The cell therefore controls the Chemical composition of the internal environment of the cell. It does this in two ways; Passive Process - this does not require energy Active Process - this does require energy to occur This works in principle which
Vertigo and Its Treatment In our everyday lives, we almost take for granted this idea of balance or equilibrium that is maintained within our bodies. In general, no real thought processes are required. It is only when something is disturbed within our balance system that one is able to take notice of changes in the equilibrium. There may be several different factors that cause a disturbance to our bodies. One major area pertains to dizziness. Dizziness is found to be "the chief complaint in
Born on October 8, 1850 in Paris, France, Henry-Louis Le Chatelier is a French chemist best known for his principle, the Le Chatelier Principle, which has made it possible for chemists to determine and predict the effects of changing conditions on chemical reactions. These changes include, but are not limited to, temperature, pressure and concentration (Clark, 2002). Le Chatelier was the oldest of six siblings in a privileged, Roman Catholic family, which allowed him to obtain a prestigious education
Gas Equilibriums: examples of Reversible Reactions Q1. Identify the general chemical and physical characteristics of gas equilibriums as a group. Explain the forward and reverse reaction mechanisms. Use nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen iodide as examples and explain how equilibrium is reached. The general chemical characteristic of gas equilibriums is when the concentrations of reactants and products do not change with time. This is known as the state of reversible reaction. At this state, pressure
Factors Affecting the Equilibrium Reaction of Iron (III) and Thiocyanate ions Research Question How does the change in temperature of Iron (III) Thiocyanatoiron, containing iron (III) ions Fe3+ (aq) and thiocyanate ions SCN¬¬- (aq), affect the absorbance of the solution? - Temperature at 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, and 60 °C (equilibrate the Iron (III) Thiocyanatoiron (aq) in various temperatures using a digital water bath, and temperature checked using a digital thermometer
Chemistry IA: Equilibrium Reaction Lab Introduction: Reactions are based on collisions of particles, in which the particles must have sufficient energy. Some chemical reactions are reversible, and when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, the process has reached equilibrium. As it will appear to have stopped, as there is no overall change due to the rates being equal. Through this lab, we will be investigating one factor that will affect the equilibrium constant.
be broken down into smaller controlling factors. The global energy balance is an equal balance of short-wave radiation coming into the atmosphere and long-wave radiation going out of the atmosphere. This is called thermal equilibrium. The earth is at thermal equilibrium; however, there can have a surplus or deficit of energy in parts of the heat budget. If you have a net radiation surplus warm air will rise, and a net radiation deficit will make the air cool an fall. Air gets heated at the
that if a change is made to a system in equilibrium, the system reacts in such a way as to tend to oppose the change, and a new equilibrium is formed. For example, whatever is done to the equilibrium, the system does the opposite. If something is added to a system at equilibrium, the system will behave as to remove it and vice versa. By increasing the concentration of a reaction, it will result in an increase of the rate of reaction. The new equilibrium will have a higher concentration of products
Consumer Equilibrium and the Law of Equi-Marginal Utility Introduction The Law of Equi-Marginal Utility is an extension to the law of diminishing marginal utility. The principle of equi-marginal utility explains the behavior of a consumer in distributing his limited income among various goods and services. This law states that how a consumer allocates his money income between various goods so as to obtain maximum satisfaction. Assumptions The principle of equi-marginal utility is based on the
In the review article, “Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography and Ecology”, Simberloff (1974) described how the equilibrium hypothesis can be used to explain island biogeography. According to the author, islands offer significant scientific, economic, evolutionary, or ecologic importances due to their unique characteristics (isolation, insular depauperization). However, detailed study on the somewhat puzzling island biogeography is limited. Therefore, Simberloff (1974) provided an in-depth research
detached from the mass. The dots marked on the tape were examined. During the oscillation, the pendulum bob accelerated and then decelerated when it was approaching its highest position. The acceleration of the bob was always pointing towards its equilibrium position. 3. The two most widely spaced dots were marked on the tape - the zero position of the pendulum bob was found. 4. Every dot on the tape was marked from the zero position. The displacements of these points from the zero position
molecules move. For example look at Figure 2. The solute molecules are too large to pass through the pores in the membrane, so the movement of water molecules can only achieve equilibrium. Solution A has the higher concentration of water; so there will be a net movement of water from A to B by osmosis. At equilibrium there will be no further net movement of water. The tendency of water molecules to move from one place to another is measured as the water potential, represented by the symbol
Investigating the Water Potential of Celery Cells Aim === I will be investigating the water potential of celery and to find out which solution will be isotonic with the celery cells, in other words equilibrium between the two no water will leave the cell, or enter. I will do this by following this method. Method 1. Cut a 5 cm length of celery stem 2. Cut through the grooves to divide the stem into thin strips 3. Dry the cell sap from the strips using a paper towel 4.
Making Moral Decisions: The Synergistic-Reflective-Equilibrium Model ABSTRACT: This treatise is a contribution towards the understanding of why humankind cannot agree on the foundation of morality and why moral pluralism is the logical constitution of moral reality. The synergistic-reflective-equilibrium model is the model that will describe how persons can make moral decisions as pluralistic agents. If this model is correct, then it will not be a new discovery, rather, it will be a new description
offspring have the same genotype ratio as their parents. This example was one of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The next generation will express the same genotype ratio as their parents, and so on. But what exactly is needed to create Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Basically, a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium s not evolving in any way.) Five specific factors are needed to create Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within a population- a very large population, isolation from other populations, no net mutations