Rare earth elements allow for the conveniences shared by modern society. It is the critical components that have made the advancements in technology possible. Its versatility expands thought different media that include: renewable energy, geographic information systems, national security, missile guidance, computer technology, hybrid vehicles, plastics, medical technology and more. All population throughout the world use it regardless if they know it or not. The mining and process of rare earths
the least spoken about elements, cerium, is important and rather abundant for being considered a rare metal. It is more abundant than most metals in Earth’s crust. Cerium (Ce) has an atomic number of 58 and an average atomic mass of 140.116. To find it on the Periodic Table, either find atomic number 58 or use the electron configuration of [Xe]6s24f15d1. When searching across The Periodic Table, cerium is not a definitive eye catcher, however, seeing pure cerium ignite when scratched will spark interest
report- The determination of the mass of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) in Commercial Vitamin C tablets Date of experiment: 26/2/2014 Title: The determination of the mass of Ascorbic Acid in commercial Vitamin C tablets. Aims: To determine the molarity of cerium(IV) sulphate solution and the mass of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in tablets. Introduction Ascorbic acid is an important organic compound in nature. The chemical formula of ascorbic acid is C6H8O6 and its structure is shown in figure 1 (XIANG, et. al
Introduction Four tectonic environments in which magmatism occurs: destructive plate margins, constructive plate margins/divergent plate boundaries, oceanic intraplate and continental intraplate. Arcs are magmatic products of destructive plate margins (stern, 2001) which are referred to as sites where new continental crust is created and old oceanic crust is subducted back into the mantle (Hawkesworth , Hergt, McDermott, Ellam, 1991). An island arc is a form of an arc produced by the subduction
neodymium iron- boron or nickel-iron alloys in magnets; nickel, cermets or ceramics in cutting and wear-resistant materials; nickel-based alloys or ceramics in jet engines; nickel in petroleum catalysts; rhodium in hydroformylation catalysts; and cerium, lead, manganese, iron, or vanadium in paints. Presently, about one-third of cobalt is replaced by cobalt-manganese- nickel in lithium-ion
fluere, which means “to flow”, because of its low melting point when compared to other rocks and elements Napione collected with raw samples of fluorite. It is a halide mineral comprised of calcium and fluoride (CaF2). Small amounts of yttrium and cerium have been known to act as replacements for the calcium. Fluorite is in the isometric crystal system in the hexoctahedral class 4⁄m 3 ̅ 2⁄m which means it has a relatively high symmetry. It is usually found in cubic habit, though it can also be found
f-type transition metals consists of lanthanides (rare earth metals) and actinides which is from thorium to lawrencium. These metals are very reactive. Only a few of these elements are common but several of the f-type elements are useful. For example, cerium and thorium, which are found in alloys, uranium and plutonium in nuclear reactors. Gold is a soft, malleable, yellow metal that is located in period 11 group 6. It has the atomic number of 79 and the atomic symbol of Au, which stands for the Latin
Film Review: Blade Trinity This movie is mainly about bringing Dracula into the center of attention Blade Trinity known as “Drake”. To avenge the vampire civilization that is being eliminated by vampire hunter known as Blade. The theme of the film rest with a group of vampires on a quest looking for Dracula’s resting place searching for their answers unfolding the secrets of their race. Requesting Dracula to kill blade thus restoring balance to vampire existence, through the public media, with society
up of 0.0006% thorium as opposed to 0.00018% uranium. Almost all thorium found in the Earth’s crust is thorium 232 - the desirable kind for a reactor. The major source of the thorium extracted is from monazite phosphate. Monazite phosphate contains cerium, neodymium, lanthanum, and of course phosphorus and oxygen. Monazite phosphate is typically 3-5% thorium dioxide. Most of the world’s current demand for thorium comes from Malabar Coast in india where monazite is deposited. Extracting the thorium
Cold Fusion: The Continuing Mystery In March of 1989, a discovery was made that rocked the scientific world. Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischman had announced that they were able to create and sustain a cold fusion process. After intense media attention, and corresponding interest in future test, the subject seemed to have faded away. Future tests proved inconclusive, and when the quick promise of easy energy didn’t materialize, most quickly forgot the subject. Little is said about the continuing
In response to the weakness of ferro casting, British Case Iron Research Association in 1948 mixed the alloying cerium, nickel and other alloying elements to cast iron, thus resulting in nodular cast iron. Since then, a number of testing on iron cast emerges in order to result in a better quality, one of which is by adding magnesium to cast iron. Based on the result of the metallographic testing, the addition of the magnesium to the cast iron could result in nodular graphite. It is found that the
In Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis”, the character Gregor transforms from a man into a bug, specifically a cockroach. Although Gregor physically changes, he does not change as a person. Gregor merely accepts his new condition as a bug and his family’s continuous abuse and hostility. Gregor’s acceptance of his new bug form is representative of his passive personality before and after his transformation. Gregor’s passivity, in response to the hostile world around him, causes his eventual downfall.
What are Natural Resources? Natural resources are those resources that occur within the environment in their original and natural form, undisturbed by humanity. They take years to form without the intervention of humans. The Mother Earth is abundant with natural resources that develop on this planet using its surrounding environment. These natural resources are derived from the environment. While few of them are used for our survival like water, air, rest of them like coal, gas, oil are used for
It puts their environment in danger of radioactive waste and pollution that can possibly cause cancer. Many people of Malaysia have expressed their concerns about bringing this new refinery to their neighborhood, but they have all been ignored. Cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium are some of the important rare earth met... ... middle of paper ... ... of metals, the United States and other countries supported by China had to plan ways to meet their demands. The benefits of the new refinery being
inability and formability. Calcium deoxidizes steels, improves toughness, and may improve formability and merchantability. Carbon improves harden ability, strength, hardness, and wear resistance; it reduces ductility, weldability, and toughness. Cerium controls the shape of inclusions and improves toughness in high-strength, low-alloy steels; it deoxidizes steels. 5.8. What are trace elements? A chemical element present only in minute amounts in a particular sample or environment is called trace
Although prosthetics technology has progressed vastly over the last 10 years, one of the issues that prosthetics users still face is the lack of the sense of touch. Sensory receptors in human skin deliver a host of tactile and thermal signals to the brain, allowing us to feel changes in temperature and how hard we are holding something and whether it is slipping out of our hands, or off our feet. Engineers might be able to restore these sensations to prosthetics users through a stretchable artificial
Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas which combines directly with nearly all elements. Chlorine is a respiratory irritant. The gas irritates the mucous membranes and the liquid burns the skin. As little as 3.5 ppm can be detected as an odour, and 1000 ppm is likely to be fatal after a few deep breaths. It was used as a war gas in 1915. It is not found in a free state in nature, but is found commonly as NaCl (solid or seawater). Table: basic information about and classifications of chlorine. • Name:
Infrastructure refers to the rudimentary organizational and physical assemblies required for a society or even an enterprise to operate. Infrastructure also ensures the availability of facilities and services that are necessary for economies to work perfectly. Logistic infrastructures are important for any country and may lead to slower or faster rates of growth in the country. Transportation infrastructures are important in measuring the internal development of the country. Roads - railway system
Study of Oxidation of Stainless Steel in Hot rolling Background Studies on the oxidation of stainless in hot rolling have obtained much attention during the last few decades where the finishing temperature ranges from 850-1100 °C. Oxidation is the formation of oxide rich scale that slows down further oxidation when formed. In stainless steels at elevated temperatures (up to 1100°C), this oxide scale is necessary as it is predominantly chromium rich and prevents further oxidation. On the other hand
The environment, and particularly the aquatic environment, has been focused within in the last years due to the large amount of released chemicals. Thousands of synthetic chemical compounds are currently recorded for use in industry and agriculture, and thousands of tons of these are produced yearly. In addition, several tons of more unintended byproducts produced with these synthetic compounds. Regardless of the source or original intended use, fundamental amounts of these chemicals end up in the