Infrastructure refers to the rudimentary organizational and physical assemblies required for a society or even an enterprise to operate. Infrastructure also ensures the availability of facilities and services that are necessary for economies to work perfectly. Logistic infrastructures are important for any country and may lead to slower or faster rates of growth in the country. Transportation infrastructures are important in measuring the internal development of the country. Roads - railway system and airport transport - may be broadly classified as logistical amenities. This paper will seek to underscore the institutional weaknesses inherent in Mongolia that lead to weak logistics in infrastructure.
Mongolia is a landlocked country that borders China and Russia and depends solely on air and land transport. Land and air means of transport are the only possible means that the country can use to ferry goods in or out of the country and to transport people to their various destinations. Travelling to Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of the country depicts the real picture of the poor logistical infrastructure in the country. The road network to the capital city is anything, but standard, which are extremely cracked owing to the freeze-thaw temperatures (Isakova, Plekhanov, & Zettelmeye, 2012, p. 2). Heavy trucks exacerbate the situation and the cities are usually in traffic jam mayhem. In addition to that, the airport of the country is also in a poor state. It can be best described as a Soviet-era infrastructure.
The transport facilities in Mongolia are poor. Most of the areas in the 1.56-sq-km land do not have metal-based roads. The terrain towards the northern parts of the country is majorly mountainous while the south is mainl...
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...hanges were made, and thus the government has allowed the private stakeholders to undertake construction of infrastructure. This was the aftermath of the adoption of public-private partnership policy in 2009.
Infrastructure is important in the economic stability of any country and the comfort of its people. Mongolia is grappling with its economy because of poor development of logistical infrastructure. The reasons for this poor growth trace back to the history of the country, and its overreliance on the mining sector. The post-communist country depends too much on mining, which is clouded by corruption, thereby forestalling development of the transport system. The government and organizations in the country are also reliant on international support. Moreover, the recent privatization of institutions is not enough to address the development challenges in the country.
Technology helped facilitate the production of goods as well as transportation. Farmers were able to produce more goods, yet they overproduced and it resulted in economic hardship for them. They could not afford to export goods through the high rates of rail roads, and led to clashing with the government, for the lack of support.
Mongolia was the largest contiguous land empire in human history. It existed in the 13th and 14th centuries, however its traditions and influences can be found all throughout the world today. The Mongolian Empire was due to the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes under the rule of Genghis Khan in 1206. This paramount empire connected the east and west using Pax Mongolica which allowed trade all throughout Eurasia. However, the Mongolian Empire’s importance did not die with the fall of the Empire in 1368, but the vital influences remain significant even today.
Throughout history, there have been many empires that have shaped the outcome of all life on this world that we live on. Some of the greatest empires in the world, the Roman Empire, the greatest militaristic regime in history, or perhaps we can look towards northern Europe and the British Empire, those who had the capability to control the greatest amount of land mass in history. However there is one thing that even those famed Brits never accomplished. Something only one group in history has managed to do, a group that stands out among a crowd of the greatest people to represent planet earth. The men to strike fear Into the most battle hardened soldiers, the barbarians, the moguls. So what did the Mongols accomplish that was special. They managed to conquer the largest contiguous land mass in the worlds an area that stretched from Egypt to Russia and also to encompass all of China. Doing this they managed to shape the lives of millions of people. from Russia to China and everywhere in between. However most historians agree that China was affected more than any other country by the reign of the Mongols. The effects the Mongolian Empire had on China were large and diverse, and included but not limited to the economic influx due to the increased amount of trade routes and the utilization of the peasant class, the social impact, as all people part of the Mongolian empire flew under one one banner, and finally the technological impact as ideas flourished under the watchful eye of the Mongols.
With Mongols owning the largest continuous land mass in history, they are going to interact with our countries. This interconnectedness let other cultures interact with each other; many people from different areas in which they took over (spreading far as modern day Korea to Poland) even moved to other regions which they liked causing mixing and assimilation. Despite the brutality of the empire, they had “… a system of pure theism and perfect toleration” (document c). Everyone who was invaded and conquered was free to practice their own religion on culture (document b); therefore, this caused the spread of mostly Islam and Buddhism. The Turkic groups that allied with the Mongols were Muslim and had specialized skills and literacy, which not many of the Mongolians possessed, so, they hired them and moved them around the empire. Many travelers converted to Islam, and Persia, an already Muslim country, their culture was
The Mongols were able to accomplish such a large territory within a short period of time due to their strong and extensive military and strategies, the organization of their society, and the fear they induced that struck the entirety of Eurasia. The Mongols seized control between 1200-1400 and were the most feared empire to have ruled in centuries, or perhaps ever. They controlled much of the Asian continent and they were able to keep control even after the division of the empire after Genghis Khan’s- their first major leader who unified all of the original Mongolian tribes- death. They also planned on expanding their empire after to and had trouble so it lead to a quick fall after the cost of constant war and fighting.
Bridges and canal were built to aid trade along the ocean. The Mongol empire was instrumental in fostering development by arranging the system for constructions of bridges. They provided labor and resources for the effective system. The perishable goods/ product could reach consumers in time through the developed transport system.
Infrastructure is a key part of modern life; we use it every day without thinking about it, and because of this, it goes neglected. Most people only think about the road that they are driving on when they hit a pothole; infrastructure is invisible, until it breaks. The fact that infrastructure is largely invisible means it gets neglected and abused, it is not an issue most people think about, politicians do not win by talking about it, and any solution in the near term generally requires raising taxes, making the subject more unpopular for the citizenship at large. The longer we ignore our infrastructure problems, the more it will cost to fix, and the more likely it is for a disaster to happen.
Everyone relies on the state in different ways, whether financially or through infrastructure. Infrastructure are basic physical and organizational structures needed for a society to operate. Transportation systems, police stations, prisons and jails are all part of the long list of infrastructure funded by the state. All of these help maintain the streets safe and free of criminals, while providing citizens with public transportation.
According to the World Economic Forum, a group of the top 1,000 businesses in the world and a leading source of world economic data, as well as economic theory, the United States ranks twelfth out of one hundred forty-four nations in infrastructure with a score of 5.8 out of 7 (Global Competitiveness). This shows that while the United States may not have a perfect infrastructure system, it still does very well when compared with other countries. In the first sub category of transport infrastructure the United States performs even better, placing ninth in the world with a score of 5.8 out of 7. This success mostly stems from our airport infrastructure. The United States ranks ninth in Quality of air transport infrastructure, with a score of 6.1 out of 7. In the category of available airline seat kilometers or how many seats per distance traveled by aircraft, America rank first in the world. The United States performs decently in the quality of roads, earning Sixteenth in the world, fifteenth in railroad infrastructure, and twelfth in port infrastructure. However, in the second category of electricity and telephony infrastructure the United States ranks twenty sixth with a score, again, of 5.8 (Global Competitiveness). This ranking largely stems from the United States’s ranking one hundred
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We all use vehicles for transportation. People usually go to their desired destination either by driving their own cars or traveling in public transportation. Actually, it might be tough to choose that which one is the best selection for people to travel. Many people choose one of them according to their comfort while traveling and both of them have advantages and disadvantages in different conditions. Public transportation and driving own car both shares differences and similarities in many aspects, such as facility, cost, and comfort as well as traffic jam and accident occurrence.
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The Government of Mongolia is preparing to introduce public administration reforms based on the New Zealand experience of contract relationship between resources used and outputs purchased. However, there is a question mark about Mongolia’s capacity to implement such reforms and wet...
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