be a self-compacting mixed concrete and it will be discharged by a tremie pipe, which is then lowered uniformly aligned to the middle while descending until the bottom of the bored hole followed by filling of concrete. The level of concrete in the borehole was recorded after each truck discharged and the plotting of the graph will be against theoretical. The concrete should be continuously embedded in one length to make sure that the discharge of concrete is level of the impurities, which may be seen
Borehole mining (BHM) is a process that incorporates a high pressure waterjet cutting system and a down-hole slurry pumping system through a single borehole drilled from the surface into the mineralized rock. The waterjet cuts the material resulting the slurry flows into an eductor pump near the base of the tool and pumped out to the surface. A cavity will be created as a consequence of this excavation process [2]. Understanding the relationship between the cavity stability and the operational parameters
The principle of cable-tool drilling has remained unchanged since it first started in China. According to Kurts, DeGolyer (1940) “Drilling is done by repeatedly lifting and dropping a heavy string of drilling tool into the borehole, with the drill bit crushing consolidated rocks into small fragments”. Huge improvements have been made from the Chinese bamboo method. University of Kansas (1940) highlighted the key improvements that the rig mechanisms had. A good example of this is the spring pole
WATER CONSERVATION Water conservation means using our water wisely and caring for it properly. Since each of us depends on water for life. The challenges which people are facing when conserving water in their community, people come across many challenges when conserving water because some people do not know the importance of saving water, one of the biggest water wasters outside is over watering at the wrong time of day. The purpose of my investigation is to find how many people know about water
1.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to study the underground water system in Western Australia and make recommendation to the Minister of the Environment and Water Resource. This report include the source and storage, extraction and the effect of underground water to the environment, types of common contamination in underground water and method to prevent the contamination. Groundwater is the one of the fundamental source of water in Western Australian environment which fresh water collected
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Preface A million years ago, earth was frequently visited by terrestrial object and hit repeatedly. Impact from meteor believes to be the major cause of extinction of animal species such as dinosaur, landscape and climate change. Huge impact changes the whole environment with its process during and after the impact. Suitable geophysical methods used in order to understand better on impaction and its operation. Some of the impact sites too became commercial exploration
China, located in the far north easterly corner of the globe is the largest country in Asia and home to over 1.3 billon people. Some sources claim China to be the oldest known continuous civilization in the world, with more than 5000 year of culture (see bibliography). Therefore it comes with no surprise that ancient China had some of the most influential ‘thinkers’ of that period who helped to shape their world. The early Chinese left behind a great number of legacies which were the forerunners
discontinuity parameters are estimated from the physical parameters (Grainger et al., 1973). The direct method uses the visual measurement of each discontinuity. Such measurements of lengths and angles are made directly on rock outcrops, bench faces, boreholes (Piteau, 1970; ISRM, 1978) as well as from photographs of rock exposures (Franklin & Maerz, 1988; Farmer et al., 1991). The direct measurement of rock exposures can be carried out using line mapping techniques. Line mapping often referred to as the
DEEP FOUNDATION Deep-foundation elements comprise piles and piers and are like slender columns buried in the ground. They are prevented from buckling because they are confines by the soil. Piles and piers transfer the load either to bedrock or to soil of high bearing capacity while passing through unsuitable soil. As previously stated, deep foundation are used where shallow foundation cannot be used because the topsoil is expansive or has a low bearing capacity or where the frost line is deep.
Asides air, water is the most important resource to man. Water availability and proper sanitation are essential to protect children’s health and their ability to learn at school. There is an interesting close relationship between water supply and sanitation. Any school that requires proper sanitation must have stable source of water. In this sense, one may regard water sources (like taps and wells) as examples of sanitation facilities. This can be agreed with the definition of sanitation by WHO,
Geological investigation is the first step towards the completion of a building and is considered as the most important step as it identifies the feasibility of an area for construction and determines how the foundations and preventive measurements to be set up for the building. According to Sadhi (2012), one-third of the construction projects are delayed and half of over-tender cost on road projects are due to inadequate geological investigation or poor interpretation of the data. According to Ferrer
1.0 Introduction Water is one very essential resource for human existence. It accounts for about two thirds of the earth surface with a volume of about 1.4 billion cubic centimeter. About 97 percent of the total earth’s water is salt water from the ocean with only a minute percentage existing as freshwater accessible for direct human consumption. Freshwater is found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs and underground sources some of which are shallow enough to be tapped at an affordable cost. The lack of
Pumping test is the most reliable method for determining the hydraulic conductivity and tracer test is the most reliable way to determine the hydraulic connection. Pumping test involves imposing a perturbation such as pumping in a well and measuring the response of the aquifer, for example in terms of head variations (Renard et al. 2009). Those data are then interpreted with the help of analytical or numerical models in order to infer the hydraulic properties (hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity
The energy producing market has always been a staple in Pennsylvania's history. Being rich in coal, natural gas, and other forms of energy, Pennsylvania has produced much of the nation's fuel or electricity. With a location so rich in coal, companies began to open many mines in order to either stay ahead of competitors, improve production, or for easier transportation of the commodity. The large amounts of coal being mined ushered in the many railroad systems bringing another powerful business to
Pumping and tracer tests are known as valuable tests to measure aquifer parameters such as hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity is an important parameter to demonstrate the main characteristics of aquifer especially in heterogeneous karst terrain. In this research, results of pumping and tracer tests are analyzed to determine the hydraulic conductivity as the main characteristic of the karst terrain at the Salman Farsi Dam Site. Diagnostic plot technique is applied to facilitate the identification
Table of Contents Introduction 3 Case 1: Failure of the Transcona Grain Elevator. 3 Failure: 3 Why? 4 Case 2: Leaning stability Of Pisa Tower. 4 Failure: 4 Case 3: Landslide in the Lincoln Community 5 Failure: 5 Why? 5 Case 4: Failure of Taipei Mass Rapid Transit Systems 6 Failure: 6 Why? 6 Case 5: The collapse of the Nicoll highway 7 Failure: 7 Why: 7 Case 6: Collapse of Hotel New World 8 Failure: 8 Why 8 Case 7: Collapse of Highland towers in Kuala Lumpur 9 Failure: 9 Why
and the value of the mineral deposits, is done via the on-site investigation (surveys, field studies, and boreholes) of local geology [2]. A. Environmental Issues Although it seems harmless enough, the exploration phase may involve some environmental impacts, such as: Clearing vegetation (Allows room for vehicles and drilling rigs), soil and groundwater contamination (From contaminated boreholes). B. Environmental Law The exploration phase falls under the province of Quebec’s Mining Act, CQLR c M-13
Geological investigation is the first step towards the completion of a building and is considered as the most important step as it identifies the feasibility of an area for construction and determines how the foundations and preventive measurements to be set up for the building. According to Sadhi (2012), one-third of the construction projects are delayed and half of over-tender cost on road projects are due to inadequate geological investigation or poor interpretation of the data. According to Ferrer
remain undistributed within the nation. For innovation, the government or the road department controller would love to renovate the transport network, but there will not get a chance, or otherwise transport system will close first. So, cracks road and borehole will be seen, and railway blockage, freight traps. Congestion is not good at all, although it does exists in some towns. This issue raised because of smaller roads, and higher volume of transport modes. It is very important to address the issue
Earth¡¦s crust is generally the same due to the mines and boreholes that humans have made down into it. Mines that have been dug go down and still bring up valuable minerals that can be found just as close to the Earth¡¦s surface. The deepest goes down around 3km into the earth, and the temperature is 70¢XC, the only way for miners to work is because of the air conditioning, and still the type of rock looks the same all around. Also boreholes that have been drilled as far as half way into the Earth¡¦s