Introduction
Tobacco Use Disorder is a disorder that occurs when a person’s health or social welfare is harmed by the use of tobacco. In other words, the disorder is caused by becoming dependent on tobacco. Tobacco may be used in the form of cigarettes, cigars and pipes as well as smokeless tobacco products such as snuff and chewing tobacco. According to statistics, tobacco use is the top cause of preventable and avoidable diseases and deaths in the US (Kalman et al, 2009). Specifically, tobacco accounts for approximately 435,000 deaths per year and about $100 billion in direct and indirect medical costs. The most common diseases associated with tobacco use include lung, throat and mouth cancers, heart disease and chronic pulmonary diseases. Despite extensive attempts to raise public awareness on the risks associated with smoking tobacco, Underwood (2012) observes that an estimated 50 million Americans still consume tobacco. Just like cocaine and opium dependence, cigarette smoking can lead to a very powerful addiction. Approximately one in every three people who have ever tried one cigarette develops nicotine dependence.
Even though the general rate of smoking has declined in the US, Kalman et al (2009) maintain that the rates are still high amongst treatment-seeking substance users. National surveys have indicated that the prevalence of nicotine addiction among alcoholics is more than two times higher as compared to the general population. Additionally, the prevalence of tobacco use among treatment-seeking substance users is approximated to be as high as 90% (Fiore, 2008). The good news is that tobacco use disorder can be addressed through various mechanisms. This research paper focuses on the symptoms, onset, etiology, comp...
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Kalman, D. et al. (2009). Addressing tobacco use disorder in smokers in early remission from alcohol dependence: The case for integrating smoking cessation services in substance use disorder treatment programs. Clinical Psychology Review.
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Rende, R. et al. (2005). A twin-sibling study of tobacco use in adolescence: Etiology of individual differences and extreme scores. Nicotine Tobacco Research, 7(3): 413-419.
Underwood, J.M. (2012). Persistent cigarette smoking and other tobacco use after a tobacco related cancer diagnosis. Journal of Cancer Survivors, 6(3): 333-344.
The term addiction can be interpreted in many ways, concering both illegal and legal substances. Not only can one become addicted to a substance, but also activities like gambling, shoplifting, and sex. Prior to considering addiction, one must first understand what constitutes a substance. Levinthal (2002) describes a drug as a chemical substance that changes the functioning of the body when ingested (4). Although illegal drugs may come to mind when hearing this definition, alcohol and tobacco fit under this criteria as well. For the purpose of this essay, controlled and regulated (licit/legal) substances will be focused upon. Alcohol is a regulated substance that can be thought of as a social drug (Levinthal, 2002, p.192) and arguably tobacco
Fortinash, K. M., & Holoday Worret, P. A. (Eds.). (2012). Substance-related disorders and addictive behaviors. Psychiatric mental health nursing (5th ed., pp. 319-362). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
There has been an expediential growth in the number of teenager’s beginning to smokes do to facts such as curiousness, peer
Richard A. Brown, David R. Strong, Ana M. Abrantes, Mark G. Myers, Susan E. Ramsey, Christopher W. Kahler, Effects on substance use outcomes in adolescents receiving motivational interviewing for smoking cessation during psychiatric hospitalization, Addictive Behaviors, Volume 34, Issue 10, Research Advances in Comorbidity of Substance Misuse and Mental Disorders, October 2009, Pages 887-891, ISSN 0306-4603, DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.03.003.
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and worldwide (Centers for Disease Control, 2013, World Health Organization, 2008). Tobacco cessation counseling is a vital component of any public health strategy seeking to decrease mortality, disease and costs associated with smoking. To that end, the Healthy People 2020 Tobacco Use Objectives cover three main areas: reducing tobacco use, instituting health system changes, and creating social and environmental changes (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013). Objective TU-10 falls under the category of health system changes as it seeks to open doors for patients to make quit attempts and to pursue tobacco cessation methods by increasing tobacco cessation counseling by physicians and other health care providers.
The prevalent use of tobacco products among Americans is an important issue that should be brought to the surface. This issue should be raised because many of the diseases and illnesses associated with tobacco use are preventable. Most individuals are aware of the health threats associated with tobacco use, but are unable to quit. As future healthcare professionals, part of our duty is to educate the public about these health threats as well as help tobacco users quit. Throughout this paper we will inform about the various tobacco products, the effects they pose on the body, cessation options and strategies available for users, and learning outcomes.
Cigarette smoking stay the top preventable cause of sickness and early death in the United States because not only it asserts over 400,000 lives a year but it enhances the danger of someone dying from illnesses such as heart disease, stroke emphysema and a diversity of cancers (Douglas E.Jorenby) . Despite information about the bad side effects of smoking on health, 25% of adults in the United States keep on smoking. One of the reason why people seems to not easily quit smoking and continue to do it has to do with the addictive nicotine, a substance found in all types of tobacco products.
Smoking cigarettes is a detrimental practice not only to the smoker, but also to everyone around the smoker. According to an article from the American Lung Association, “Health Effects” (n.d.), “Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S., causing over 438,000 deaths per year”. The umbrella term for tobacco use includes the use of cigarettes, cigars, e-cigs and chewing tobacco. While tobacco causes adverse health consequences, it also has been a unifying factor for change in public health. While the tobacco industries targets specific populations, public health specifically targets smokers, possible smokers, and the public to influence cessation, policies and education.
Smoking is a lifestyle, a habit, and a trend. Smoking has become a social activity among teens, connecting them through the craving of a smoke. Smoking is seen as seductive and cool in the media and movies which influences teenagers to smoke even more. The World Health Organization has stated that “Tobacco kills around 6 million people each year. More than 5 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600,000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke.” As of April 2016, only 7% of teenagers in the U.S. smoke, but it is said that tobacco use will kill 8 million people annually by 2030. 99% of adult smokers start in their years as teenagers. Smoking is an epidemic that has taken control of people’s lives since 1881 and the media since the early 1900s. Smoking currently kills about 440,000 people a year in the U.S. I feel that it is an issue because it is the #1 most preventable way to die, but people still continue to smoke because of how it looks and how they are perceived as a person if they do. The fact that people become addicted to a trend that will attribute to their death for the sake of being thought of as cooler, is a problem that needs to be addressed.
Cigarette addiction is responsible for over four million deaths every year. The question most people ask is why don’t people just put down their cigarettes? Well, the answer to that often asked question is nicotine. Nicotine is a neurotransmitter that targets certain receptors in the brain. It is a chemical messenger that induces feelings of pleasure. When someone takes a hit off of a cigarette, they ingest the harmful chemicals that can cause cancer and other serious health threats. They only inhale these chemicals to get one thing and one thing only, nicotine.
In recent years, smoking has started to take over the lives of many teenagers. The number of teenagers smoking has increased dramatically in the last several years. This is a major problem because smoking can lead to sickness and major diseases that can lead to death. Teens tend to participate in this while out of the presence of an adult figure. Although teens should not be smoking in the first place, an adult figure should be around to help insure that their children are doing the right things, even when they are behind sealed doors with their peers. Teenagers as they mature become a model for younger children and when they set the example of smoking can ruin their respectable image to the children that look up to them.
Diclemente, C., Fairhurst, S., Prochaska, J., Rossi, J., Velasques, M., Velices, W. (1991). The process of smoking cessation: An analysis
Tobacco use causes a number of diseases. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, and causes lung diseases. Tobacco can lead to someone losing limbs and...
Smoking cigarettes is a very deadly addiction that, unfortunately, affects 42.1 million adults in the United States and 6.4 million children. The reason why so many people get addicted to cigarettes is because of nicotine. Medicinenet.com says that nicotine is “made by the tobacco plant or produced synthetically”. Nicotine has powerful pharmacologic effects (including increased heart rate, heart stroke volume, and oxygen consumption by the heart muscle), as well as powerful psychodynamic effects (such as euphoria, increased alertness, and a sense of relaxation). Nicotine is also powerfully addictive.”
Tobacco originally grew in North America and South America. It was used as a pain killer and all around healer from dressing wounds to relieving tooth pains (“History…”). Smoking was used in Native American religious ceremonies. New World explorers took tobacco back to Europe from North America and by the 1600’s it was an acceptable every-day pastime. Tobacco users either put dried tobacco leaves in cigars and pipes or breathed in the powdered form of tobacco known as snuff. Although some people looked down on the use of tobacco, it continued to become substantially popular after cigarettes began to be produced in mass in the 1800’s. Smoking was identified as “a direct cause of cancer and various other health problems” by the U.S. Surgeon General in 1964 (“Smoking”). Smoking kills more than drinking, drugs, auto accidents, AIDs, and suicide combined and ninety percent of smokers start by age eighteen (Schwartz). Although people who start smoking as teens are less likely to quit, it is possible to stop smoking with the proper resources.