Symbiosis in nature
In Christianity, it has been said that we really do need each other. God has reflected that idea in His creation. Many animals really do need each other in order to survive. For some, it’s obligatory, for others, it is not essential in order to survive.
Symbiosis is a truly unique process in nature. The eventual outcome of any symbiotic relationship is usually for the best of either or both parties. One must look at this phenomenon at the right angle. For, from the evolutionary point of view, over a long period of time, animals just “learned” by themselves that being involved in a symbiotic relationship is advantageous. This belief, of course is absurd. God created the process of symbiosis in creation in order to give witness to the fact that a universe so complicated and so beautiful had to be made by a omnificent being. Any scientist, unless running away from the plain fact, has to admit that the universe really had to be created intelligently.
Symbiosis may be defined as any relationship between any two species.
Webster’s “American Dictionary of the English Language” defines it as “The living together in permanent or prolonged close association of members of usually two different species, with beneficial or deleterious consequences for at least one of the parties.
Science identifies several distinct types and styles of symbiosis found in nature. Burwell Wingfeild, a biology teacher at Virginia Military Institute, describes these phenomena in Despicable Species: Cowbirds, Kudzu, Hornworms, and Other Scourges as best being categorized using the “plus-minus system”: the plus sign (+), the minus sign (- -) and the neutral sign (0). The plus sign stands for benefit, the minus sign stands for lo...
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... path. All organisms are in association with another organism at any given time whether they like it or not. Symbiosis is a natural part of life that falls deeply within the expectations of what we call “normal” and what God calls “a magnum opus” (a great and spectacular work of art). In this paper I went through the list of official categorizations that scientist have devised to categorize the process of living together in association, otherwise simply known as symbiosis.
Works Cited
Lembke, Janet Despicable Species: Cowbirds, Kudzu, Hornworms, And Other Scourges
New York: Lyons Pres, 1999
Wingfield, Burwell as cited in”Despicable Species: Cowbirds, Kudzu, Hornworms, And Other Scourges”, not edited.
New York: Lyon Pres, 1999
Webster, Noah American Dictionary of the English Language
California: Foundation for American Christian Education, 2000
Harms, William. "Professor Finds That Nonhuman Primates Have Evolutionary Reason to Bond with Their Offspring." Professor Finds That Nonhuman Primates Have Evolutionary Reason to Bond with Their Offspring. The University of Chicago Chronicle, 12 July 2001. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.
Although the theory was ridiculed by a number of mainstream biologists, it now serves as a plausible and acceptable theory and explanation to the evolution of Eukaryotes. The theory states that the ancestors of eukaryotic cells were "symbiotic consortiums" of their prokaryotic cells, with at least one and possibly more species involved these were later known as endosymbionts. To put this into light, a reasonable example could be this: oxygen breathing bacteria invaded an anaerobic amoeba like bacteria and each then performed mutually benefiting functions. They would both end up helping each other greatly; the bacteria would breathe for the anaerobic amoeba like bacteria and the amoeba like bacteria would navigate through oxygen-rich waters in search of food.
A symbiotic relationship is mutual benefit and dependence between two people that may seem dissimilar, but can be achieved if they work together. In a relationship where people are depending on and supporting each other, they may begin to rely on each other to survive. In the Bean Trees, Barbara Kingsolver writes about the Wisteria Vine and Rhizobia. The Wisteria vine thrives in poor soil because of the Rhizobia, a bug that lives underground in the roots of the Wisteria. They turn the soil into fertilizer so that the vine can live. In turn the vine provides a home for the microscopic bugs. Like the Wisteria Vine and Rhizobia need the other, Kingsolver introduces characters that have symbiotic relationships which emphasizes the importance of
This theory was developed from the combined efforts of many different researchers. Together, Konstantin Mereschkowsky, Boris Mikhaylovich Kozo-Polyansky, Ivan Wallin, and Lynn Margulis are the main researchers whom coined the term “symbiogenesis” referring to the long term, or permanent physical association between “differently named partners” (taxa), or the genesis of new species through the merging of two or more existing species (Margulis). Endosymbiosis and symbiogenesis define hypothetical theories thought to justify the origin of species in addition to the processes of natural selection and random mutation. B.M. Kozo-Polyansky and Lynn Margulis, who very much admired Kozo-Polyansky’s work, both believed symbiogenesis was the major source of innovation for evolution (Margulis). The most well known of the first speculations about the origin of organelles, was Mereschkowsky. He primarily studied the chloroplast and was the first to suggest they were obtained initially from unicellular organisms that had been “enslaved” as endosymbionts. However, his theory was turned ...
There are several interactions that happen between species. They include competition, mutualism, predation, parasitism, and disease. Each one of these can affect organisms either in a positive or negative way. These are all important for organisms to evolve and become the best fit of their species. Without these interactions species would never change and would die out very easily when faced with tough environments.
...ou must sincerely love each other, because love wipes away many sins.” 1 Peter 1:8 (CEV) This way will show that with God all things are possible.
It has been observed throughout the centuries that humans in a community mutually benefit when they share a common resolve to achieve a goal and help each other out in the process. We can also see this process play out in plant communities in nature. For instance, in a TED talk given by Suzanne Simard, Simard revealed that different species of trees, namely birch and fir, will share carbon and nutrients with each other, helping both grow larger. However, while this is a useful example, there remains some uncertainty as to whether this holds true for humans. In the real world, working towards a common goal doesn’t always result in mutual benefit to both parties. “The people who work in a coal mine and the people who own it will share an interest in the mine’s pros- perity, but that is hardly to say that they form a community – especially when the “owners” are shareholders who never set eyes on the mine or its miners.” In this case, the miners and owners both seek to mine coal, but the executives are not subject to harsh conditions and low pay that the miners must experience. Yet despite the apparent
It is normal for two organisms in nature to have a symbiotic relationship in which both rely on each another in order to mutually benefit. However, sometimes one organism becomes greedy and decides to unfairly take more instead of equally sharing with their symbiotic partner. By doing so the relationship becomes parasitic. Toni Morrison's Sula, focuses on this exact transformation in the friendship between Sula Peace and Nel Wright from their close childhood to their diverging paths as adults in their hometown Medallion.
Often in nature organisms rely on one another to survive. Relationships in which each partner gives equally are called symbiotic. The two partners live harmoniously along side one another depending on each other but still have the ability to stand and act alone should they need to. However, these perfect relationships do not always exist. Sometimes, certain organisms take more than they give and as a result the other organism suffers. Those that do this are called parasites. In Toni Morrison's novel, Sula, Sula Peace and Nel Wright demonstrate a symbiotic relationship gone awry. The two start off learning from each other and giving to each other equally, but as they spend more time together Sula seems to thrive and Nel seems to wither away. The relationship does not continue in this manner for Nel realizes that in order to survive she must remove Sula from her life and reverse the negative effect of their relationship. Using the relationship that she develops between Nel and Sula, Morrison implies that codependence can be compromising to oneself, suggesting that if one cannot stand on their own the result will be fatal.
When invoking the individual or the group as the unit of selection for evolution, altruistic behaviour cannot be sufficiently explained. Instances of altruism can, however, be understood when one considers that the genes which endure are the ones whose evolutionary consequences service their own interests—that is, continuing to be replicated— rather than those of the organism. Though the interests of the individual organism and their genes generally tend to be in alignment, in cases where an animal is seen to be behaving altruistically, they are in fact acting in favour of the preservation of their genes rather than their individual existence. The concept of the selfish gene usefully expresses this notion—while the gene is being selfish, it leads to unselfish acts.
The relationship between God and his creations humans can be said to be a very complex relationship. Genesis shows us many examples of God's interaction with humans and human's interaction with each other. From the creation of Adam and Eve and all the events that follow afterwards, I shall show what the relationship tells us about the nature of God and mankind.
The biophilia hypothesis suggests that there is an instinctive bond between human beings and other living systems. Edward O. Wilson introduced and popularized the hypothesis in a book he published. He defines biophilia as "the urge to affiliate with other forms of life." The term "biophilia" means "love of life." It was first used to describe the psychological attraction to vital and living things by Erich Fromm. Wilson uses the term to propose that human beings subconsciously seek a connection with the rest of nature. He proposed that there is a possibility that we have an affiliation with nature rooted in our biology. For example, people prefer ...
...of ancient prokaryotes into eukaryotic cells which gives rise to the present-day model of life is wondrous enough, but the fact that the organelles work in such efficient harmony, seemingly directed like well crafted machinery is another ponderous development. The layout of life begins with the cell. Without it there is no life even on a microscopic level. To imagine that giant beasts of the Jurassic and Triassic periods such Triceratops and Liopleurodon being sharing the same base parts as some as infinitesimally small as an amoeba or a plankton is astonishing. What's more amazing though is the fact it is readily provable and verifiable. In the study of life, the make up of all creature is known at a basic level. Even without the the scientists to explain the facts, the facts themselves are immutable in terms of defining the make up and rules of existence of life.
“The family is a social group characterised by common residence, economic co-operation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted of the sexually cohabitating adults.” MURDOCK (1949)
they are one person combined together. A special bond is shared and a sense of