Standard Model and Unified Theory of Physics

There are two types of model of physic laws that govern the aspects of the universe: Standard Model and Unified theory. Standard model was good enough for the observable world, but there are things it can’t explain, or predict and when looking at higher dimension, the model breaks. To overcome this lacking, physicist established the unified theory; the name indicated that it unified the existence knowledge into one theory. The contributors of this field include Albert Einstein, Steven Weinberg, Sheldon Glashow, and other modern scientists. Three types of the unified theory discussed in this paper are the Unified Field Theory, the Grand Unified Theory, and the Theory of Everything; each with its own level of unification.

The first fundamental force was electromagnetism made by an English mathematician James Clerk Maxwell in mid-19th century. Electricity has positive and negative charges; the force gets weaker as one get farer from the source and stronger as one get closer. Magnetism works in a similar way with north and south poles. At first, the early physicists thought these two forces as two separate and distinct phenomena. Then, during a demonstration, H. C. Oersted, a Danish scientist, noticed that electric currents caused the needle of a nearby compass to move. Other scientists began to wonder if magnet can create electricity too and Michael Faraway proved it would in a classic experiment, which moving magnet produced electric currents. Faraway wanted to develop the new effects, but his insufficient in math became an obstacle. Then in mid-19th century, James Maxwell, after read Faraway’s work, decided to translate it into the mathematical language and succeeded. Maxwell worked on the equation for electromagnetic waves and fo...

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... non-successful) was formed and denied; then it got revise – from electromagnetism, gravity, electroweak, GUT, and TOE. The road for a unified theory lead scientist to believe that the hot dense universe before the big bang is simple, containing only one fundamental forces and one elementary particles. GUT is more within humanities’ grasp of ever reaching it, but the TOE is way too far beyond. Technology will improve and perhaps one day scientist will find some of the predicted elementary particles, or even the so called “supersymmetry” effect. In conclusion, modern and future physicists continue on the quest to find the unified theory that could explain every natural phenomenon and predict every possible outcome. A successful Theory of Everything can enable humans to learn more about all mysterious aspects of the universe from the early time to the unknown future.