2. Standard Model The Standard Model is known as a gauge theory, and is based on the symmetry group SU(3)C⊗SU(2)L⊗U(1)Y; as described in the previous section the symmetry group of standard model, describes the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions, via the exchange of 8 massless gluons and 1 massless photon, respectively, for the strong and electromagnetic interactions, and three massive bosons, W± and Z, for the weak interaction2. Leptons and quarks which are the building blocks of the
50 years ago because of the undetermined origin of mass to known particles made the assignment of mass extremely difficult and made mathematical equations inconsistent (Exploratorium, 2012). The Higgs Boson particle was supposed to complete the standard model of particle physics and break the electroweak symmetry during the initial moments of the Big Bang (Cho, 2012). The Higgs boson particle was one of the main research experiments of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator with a
I feel personally that the discovery of the atom was an important discovery for the world. With the discovery we are now able to answer questions we never even thought to ask. We are also answering questions some people asked long ago. We can now use our vast knowledge of the atom to measure the stars and be able to tell you what the stars are made of. The atomic discovery also helped us find our periodic table of elements. The periodic table of elements is a huge scientific chart that shows important
Without these particles we wouldn’t know about the most fundamental building blocks of life, and wouldn’t have particle physics in general. Elementary particles help us understand the specifics about atoms, and without them there would be no standard model. They are rather interesting too: they are found in animals; found in food; found in space. They keep us both alive, and are responsible for many phenomenons. Elementary particles are important to us because they help make up atoms, include the
working and studying in such an environment would provide me with the necessary exposure for intellectual development which is crucial and vital for professional maturity. The incentive of studying about phenomenology of new Physics beyond the Standard model under Professor Matchev is a very strong reason to apply. Not only because he is working on high energy theory physics, my favourite field of study, but also because I would like to study and ultimately contribute towards the development of a
My Motivation Letter The CERN Selection Committee, Dear Sir or Madam, Sometimes one comes across an event which tends to produce an ineffable effect on one's life. A Science Documentary titled "From Planck length to the observable universe" forced me to read agape about Albert Einstein’s revolutionary vision of "Matter and Space-time" and reconstructing a "detailed, modified theory of Motion and Gravity". Its consequences, the "Cosmological Constant, Dark Matter, Dark Energy and theory of Everything"
Dr. Salam was born in the small village of Jhang, present day Pakistan in 1926 where he attended the first few years of school. His father was an official in the Department of Education for the poor farming district. A fast learner Dr. Salam attended the University of the Punjab at the age of 13 and at the age of 14 he received the highest numbers ever recorder for the Matriculation Examination at the university. Due to his outstanding grades he received a full scholarship to the Government College
Introduction: The largest and most powerful particle collider in the world, based in CERN on the border of France and Switzerland, it is a huge undertaking. It is built to assists the scientists in discovering what the Earth is made of; it also plays a crucial part in resolving many theories by scientists. It is a 27 kilometer ring with super magnets that help the particles speed along the way. Some people also argue that it’s a machine that could possibly be dangerous, because it has the capability
Particle accelerators are considered hallmark of human technological advancement. Colliding subatomic particles in high energies, particle accelerators have brought dramatic paradigm shift in our understanding of the universe. Accelerators generally collide energetic particles together and look for the change in the energy of the system. This measurement of energy in colliding particles plays a vital role in the understanding of the events occurring inside the particle accelerators. Understanding
The Higgs Boson is a subatomic particle, such as that has zero or no spin and follows the statistical description given by S. N. Bose and Einstein. The Higgs Boson theory was discovered in 1964 by a Dr. name Peter Higgs who came up with the idea of the Higgs field which keeps everything in balance and keeps electrons from flying everywhere. When the Higgs Boson theory first came out to other scientist they all thought that Mr. Higgs was crazy because they knew that gravity held everything in its
Energy as Matter Energy is an odd concept, it is something that is neither here nor there yet has a profound impact on everything, both organic and inorganic. However, energy surrounds us in more ways than is commonly believed; it is possible that matter is only a form of energy. In fact, according to Albert Einstein, matter and energy are different forms of the same thing (“Do Antimatter and Matter Destroy Each Other?”). Through analyzing the superposition of bosons (particles without mass) and
It is evident that cosmology uses particle physics in a whole host of cosmological theories; the experiments discussed above are just a few examples of where this has and is being practiced. Extrapolating from particle physics models on earth to the cosmological models of the early universe is speculative as the conditions that existed shortly after the universe was created are completely unique from anything that can be re-created on earth. However, the only way that we can approach trying to
I love changes and challenges because they stimulate me to advance and evolve. As an immigrant, I enjoy discovering new things and have overcome many problems. As the first generation college student, I take honor courses, maximize my workload, and participate in academic competitions. I firmly believe that it is vital for individuals to be able to adapt new enviornment and overcome challenges. I look forward to transferring to a four-year university toenjor a more academically competitive enviornment
Introduction In Ancient Greece, many believed that everything was made up of simple particles called Atoms. They called them Atoms because they believed that they had no parts and could not be broken. This had been believed for many centuries until evidence that something smaller actually existed (the electron). Once scientists found the electron, they were not satified. Scientists kept creating new theories and testing new hypothesis' attempting to find what makes the world tick. Now, the
A jack of all trades is a master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one. The last half of this popular saying is often omitted in our society because you must be the expert of that one thing you are expected to do or else you are no one. That is harsh. As I was trying to think of memories to put into this essay, I kept on coming back to one: art. Art is the one thing I have mastered, yet I do not fit into society’s mold of being a master of one. This is because I am a jack of all trades
been confirmed on several occasions by several contrasting sources. The scientific method is an exemplary use of true reason as a way of knowing to accumulate knowledge. After a theory has been justified, only then can it become fact. Scientific law models the knower’s pursuit of knowledge on several levels because for a theorem to become law, it... ... middle of paper ... ...ew historical evidence by means of a personal official account, or by means of scientific experimentation, new knowledge
Time travel has always been an ambitious dream in science fiction. Writers such as H.G Wells not only kept their readers mesmerized by great novels such as “The time machine” but also introduced the idea of time travel in the imagination of their readers. Today time travel is not regarded as strictly science fiction. Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity permits a unique kind of time dilation that would ordinarily be called time travel. The theory states that, relative to a stationary observer
Meritocracy is defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as a leadership role, “in which the talented are chosen and moved ahead on the basis of their achievement” (Merriam-Webster). Meritocracy is basically saying that in order for a person to move up, they must show an amount of talent in a specific area regardless of wealth and what social class a person comes from (White). Meritocracy exists in some parts of society, however in other parts of society it is nonexistent. Meritocracy does exist
Standard, defined by Merriam-Webster, is: something established by authority, custom, or general consent as a model or example. In the regard of standards in the Army, we have a clear set of principles for conduct and guidance built upon over 200 years of tradition and experience. Whether they are part of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), Army Regulations (AR), Army Doctrine and Reference Publications (ADP/ADRP), or Technical and Field Manuals (TM, FM) there is an established standard
Perhaps no time in history have body image standards had such an enormous impact on society. With today’s mass media people can be subjected to thousands of images and messages daily, portraying the “ideal” body image. The people most often portrayed and effected by these messages are young women. Females can feel constant pressure to live up to these ideals which are most often unattainable. This pressure can cause detrimental physical and mental states. To fully understand this problem we must