Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
When was solar energy invented
When was solar energy invented
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: When was solar energy invented
Nearly all energy in one form or another can be traced back to solar energy, and it is harness in many different ways. Solar cells are the most direct way to convert incident solar radiation into electricity, this process is also known as photovoltaics. Solar cells produce no pollution, noise, and do not contain any moving parts, allowing them to be tough, reliable, and long lasting. The natural light that we enjoy from the sun and see every day is only a fraction of the total energy emitted by the sun incident on the earth. The visible portion of sunlight is from just a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. [1]
Fig. 1. The solar spectrum in the electromagnetic spectrum, as a function of wavelength, frequency, and energy. [2]
Due to the nature of solar energy, the two components required to have a functional solar energy generator are a collector and a storage unit. The job of the collector is just that, to collect the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy, usually electricity. The storage unit is necessary due to the inconsistent nature of solar energy; weather and time of day effect the amount of radiation that can be received. The storage unit holds excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and releases it as needed during times of low energy production. The most common type of collector is the flat plate collector, an array of solar panels arranged in a plane. The output of these collectors is directly related to the size, cleanliness and amount of solar radiation they are exposed to. [3] The photovoltaics available on the market today are only about 15% efficient [4] nut advances in technology have recently produced a solar cell with a staggering...
... middle of paper ...
...ower can be decreased by increasing the series resistances or decreasing the shunt resistances.
Fig. 9. Photovoltaic I-V characteristics affected by non-ideal resistances.
The resistances used to produce Figure 9 have not changed the values of VOC or ISC because as RSH decreases, the value of VOC also decreases and ISC is left unaffected. An excessive increase in RS can result in a drop of ISC, with VOC remaining constant. The more drastic the deviations from the ideal form, the more dramatic the changes in ISC and VOC become.
The internal resistances can be approximated from the absolute value of the V/I slopes of the current voltage curve at VOC and ISC, as shown in Figure 10. The slope of the curve at VOC is proportional to the series resistance RS at best, but it is generally larger than RS. The slope of the V/I curve at ISC is a much better estimate for RSH.
A spectrum is a group of light wavelengths that are ordered in relation to their wavelength length. The electromagnetic spectrum consists radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. (1)Specifically, this lab looks at the visible light part of the spectrum because one of the colors in the visible light spectrum is shine through the sample. The visible light spectrum consists of colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The color chosen to be shine through the sample is affected by the color of sample when mixed with the indicator Ammonium Vanadomolybdate (AMV). The color on the color wheel that is opposite of the solution’s color is the color that is shined through the
Overall, its quite obvious now that democrats are for immigration where republicans are against it. “Republicans do not pass immigration reform this year, Democrats will not allow Republicans to pass their conservative version of immigration reform in 2015 or 2016, because they will have no incentive to allow Republicans to do anything that will allow the Republicans to make inroads with immigrant voting blocks [sic] heading into the presidential elections”
Immigration reform is one of the most active and discussed topics right now in American Politics. Mr. Speaker, you are being presented with a unique opportunity to embrace and lead the charge in this reform. The United States is a nation of immigrants. It was built and carried by people who migrated all over the world because they believed in the American Dream. The American Dream is not dead, and immigrants can and will continue to be an incredible positive side to this beautiful nation. But the truth remains, Immigration policies are incredibly outdated and xenophobic. As a nation, America is turning back not only on its foundation and history, but on its future as well. It is not too late to change this. America can return to the being the nation that embraces the tire and the poor and the ones yearning to breathe free. I urge you to aggressively pursue bipartisan Immigration reform this year with or without majority support from The Republican Party. It is a pressing issue that can determine whether The United States continues to be the dominant force in the world. Mr. Speaker you should pursue this immigration reform because Republicans need the support from the immigrants in future elections, it presents a viable platform to fix the issues with illegal immigration, and it can provide a better, more efficient way, to handle immigration in the future.
The Effect of Intensity on the Power of Solar Cells This experiment involves changing the intensity of light falling on different cells and measuring their power outputs. Higher intensity of light means that there are more photons hitting the surface of the cell per unit area per second. The more hit the cell, the more rapidly the electrons move across the p-n junction, so the larger the emf produced. If the rate of movement of electrons is inhibited, then the greater the rate of supply of photons (intensity), the more will not successfully excite an electron, so the lower the efficiency of the cell.
Their performance can be modelled, predicted and analyzed using equivalent circuits, and this experiment examines one of these circuits. MEASUREMENTS ------------ Short-circuit test: Primary voltage (Vsc) = 26V Primary current (I1) =
Blood, sweat, bones, and human flesh all over the Rio Grande border. Thousands of immigrants pass through yet some are not so luck of making it oust alive. Majorities that pass thru are families that have small children with them. You may wonder why go through all this trouble? The people who leave their country live in horrible conditions for intense need of medication or starvation. Now there are many problems. Most immigrants work day and night just to have enough to feed their families or to buy medication but they’re scared of going outside always looking out for the border patrol. Which bring me to my question should America pass the immigration reform bill?
Our country once united, now divided. We can all agree immigration is broken in the United States. Two parties on opposite sides of the political spectrum have quite different ideas on how to go about immigration reform. Option A, which tends to be supported by the left, is to give amnesty to all illegal immigrants in our country, rewarding breaking the law. Or option B, Republicans propose that we should enforce the existing laws on immigration to prevent illegal immigrants from coming into our country. This issue is a pressing matter because it will affect people on both sides of the argument. When going about selecting which immigration reform path to take, we must ask ourselves a crucial question;
Immigration reform is back in the news, and there's a slight chance something can be done about it before fall.
Bush, and the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization or "Gang of Eight" bill which passed the U.S. Senate in June 2013. Illegal immigration is an extremely controversial issue in the United States that has received a lot of attention in recent decades without any forward action in response to the issue.[1] Proponents of greater immigration enforcement argue that illegal immigrants tarnish the public image of immigrants, cost taxpayers an estimated $338.3 billion (however, opponents claim that this figure is erroneous and misleading assertions and state that published studies vary widely but put the cost to government at a small fraction of that total),[2] and jeopardize the safety of law enforcement officials and citizens, especially along the Mexican
A spectrum is an image or distribution of colour of any electromagnetic radiation arranged in a progressive series according to wavelength.
The exponential for of the complex numbers is the most useful because the relationship between voltage and current is about multiples. In sinusoidal voltages, different types of impedances/resistances exist. Here, I am particularly talking about capacitors and inductors, excluding the non-linear devices.
The main purpose of green nanotechnology has been to develop clean technologies that would minimize potential human and environmental health risk. Also, to encourage replacement of existing products with the clean technologies that is more environmentally friendly. There are many benefits of using green nanotechnologies as the new solution for energy in both their current availability and their current development. Over the new few decades, the highest growth opportunities will come from application of nanomaterials for making better use of existing resources. Nanotechnologies will help reduce weight of carbon emission in transportation utilizing nanocomposite materials that quickly diffuses across the automotive and aerospace industries. Applications of nanotechnologies will result in a global annual savings of 8000 tons of carbon dioxide, which will rise even further to over millions tons by 2020. But, let’s focus on the positive effects of Green Nanotechnology in Solar.
According to Mr. Solar.com, “this type of energy production, known as the Photovoltaic Effect, is achieved by solar panels converting sunlight into energy. Solar panels are made up of several individual solar cells, composed of layers of silicon, phosphorous (which provides the negative charge), and boron (which provides the positive charge). Solar panels absorb the sunlight’s photons and by doing so initiate an electric current, producing electrons. The resulting energy generated from photons striking the surface of the solar panel allows electrons to be knocked out of their atomic orbits and released into an electric field generated by the solar cells, which then pull these free electrons into a DC or directional current.” This electricity then proceeds to a mechanical room beneath our house to a charge controller, which regulates the amount of energy sent to our 24V batteries to be stored.
How Efficient is Solar Energy Technology? Engineering Challenges. n. d. a. d. a. d. d. 8 April 2014. http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9082.aspx>. How do Nuclear Plants Work?”
First of all, solar energy is the energy produced when the sun heats the solar panel. Thus, when the sun heats the panels, it produces electricity. Solar power produces energy during the day and can store energy for the night. Solar power does not pollute the environment. However, it has high maintenance cost, and it takes a lot of land space.