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Plato's view on knowledge
Plato's view on knowledge
Plato and the theory of knowledge
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Plato on Knowledge
Plato argues that philosophy purifies ones soul and prepares one for death. Through his work The Republic he speaks about how everyone and everything is similar in regards to thought process. Plato argues that wisdom is gained over time. As a person grows they are exposed to numerous situations and events, which provide one with experience and teachings. Everything that happens in one’s life shapes who they will become, how their wisdom grows, and how much wisdom they obtain. He argues this by comparing the nature of animals to the nature of humans through analogies that explain people’s behaviors. He also stresses how human’s actions and behaviours change as they grow. This is due to the wisdom which they obtain throughout their lifetime. He further implies that the older a person is, the greater their knowledge is. This is due to the amount of experiences they have gone through. This ultimately further develops their morals and values, thus purifying them and preparing them for death.
At the beginning of a person’s life, from the moment they are born they are a blank canvas. A baby knows nothing. As time moves forward, the baby grows and experiences new things within its environment. The child’s brain begins to develop and it establishes relationships with people and things that it is frequently exposed to. The most important relationship it will develop is with its parents. Parents teach their children to eat, talk, and talk walk along with numerous other things which are considered later in life to be basic human nature. A parent is an essentially a coach, guiding it’s off spring throughout their life until they are old enough and wise enough to be on their own. Plato stresses the subject o...
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...thing. As we grow we are shaped into the people who we will eventually die as. When we learn our heads become filled with knowledge only to expand our minds and greaten our wisdom. Humans learn trough physical and emotional pain and suffering. Every lesson in life is repeated until one finally understands the lesson. Plato stresses that knowledge is power and that it prepares people to accept the circle of life and the course it takes. Each and every one of us is seasoned in a different manner, making all of us unique. These experiences combined purify one’s self, preparing us for the obstacles of life and ultimately bring us to an understanding of death. When one is truly all knowing, they will be able to accept death as an inevitable force of nature, something we cannot control, just as we cannot ultimately control our own fate regardless of how hard we try.
True wisdom for Plato is knowledge of the good and in order to reach that level of enlightenment, all lower levels must first be known. The divided line identifies the states of reality, which work to provide a better understand the good.
Life without knowledge would be worthless. Talking about knowledge what i mean is knowledge about something. The description of the state of some object is knowledge. The object may be either abstract or physical. Some examples of abstract things include memory, feelings and time. But how we obtain knowledge? Many philosophers tried to find an adequate answer to this question. They came up with so many theories summarizing the process of knowledge. But none of them all was able to state a clear definition of pure knowledge. One of those philosophers is Plato. In this essay I am going to discuss the concept of knowledge according to Plato’s philosophic conception of knowledge. I will clarify what knowledge is not perception. And from this I will move to explain the justified true belief theory. Then I will show the lack in this theory by referring to counterexamples: the Gettier cases. To end up with a conclusion that states what is my understanding of the process of knowledge.
Rather than accepting the conventional belief that education is defined as the mind receiving knowledge to obtain wisdom, Socrates believed that the soul already contains all possible knowledge, however it is through seeking knowledge through debate and questioning that wisdom is revealed. Plato echoes this belief within the allegory by proposing that “‘certain professors of education must be wrong when they say that they can put knowledge into the soul which was not there before, like sight into blind eyes . . . [for] the power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already.’” (Plato 551). By creating a philosophical narrative through almost the entire use of dialogue, Plato demonstrates how questioning through conversation can lead to philosophical understanding just as it lead to Socrates’ understanding in the allegory. Furthermore, nothing Socrates states within the allegory is ever stated as a perfect fact, but rather stated as an idea or a question. Likewise, Glaucon also never confirms Socrates’ ideas as actuality, but only answers with phrases such as, “that is fairly put” or “so it seems” to encourage his theories, but not to ratify his proposal as a fact. This use of Socratic dialogue reiterates Plato’s main purpose in primarily using inquisitive dialogue within the narrative
In his several dialogues, Plato contends the importance of the four virtues: wisdom, courage, self-control, and justice. In The Republic, he describes a top-down hierarchy that correlates to the aspects of one’s soul. Wisdom, courage, and temperance preside control over the rational, spirited, and appetitive aspects of the soul. It is when one maintains a balance between these aspects of his soul that he attains peace within himself: “...And when he has bound together the three principles within him...he proceeds to act...always thinking and calling that which preserves and cooperates with this harmonious condition (Plato 443c).” Wisdom and knowledge consistently remain at the top of his view of happiness. During the apology, Plato is asked what punishment is best suited for him. He sarcastically answers, “to be fed...(It is) much more suitable than for any one who has won a v...
Confusion plagues everyone in the world. Daily people are subject to struggles that involve them being confused and allow them to not fully take in what the world has to offer. Confusion simply put is the "impaired orientation with respect to time, place, or person; a disturbed mental state." With that said it is evident that many things a susceptible to confusion, and being confused. When reading Plato one cannot
According to Plato’s philosophy in order for human beings to have a healthy “soul,” our view of the world should not be distorted by fears, insecurities, irrational anxieties, or overpowering desires. He also explains that our judgment should not be blinded by greed or self-interest. Having a healthy “soul” means having a clear mind and seeing things for what they actually are; this “soul” is the core of our personality. A person with a healthy ”soul” will live a virtuous life by making ethical choices and controlling his or her desires.
As students file into the auditorium of the Academy the first thing that we all notice is the two professors that were standing at the front of the room. After all the students were seated that is when the first professor stepped forward to address the class. Plato: Good Morning Students! Students: Good Morning Professor! Plato: Many of you may know who I am and then there are those of you that do not. For those of you that do not know who I am, my name is Plato. I founded this Academy in 387 and it is the first of its kind (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_Academy). I have studied under many great philosophers. After Plato got done speaking he stepped back and the professor standing to the left of him stepped forward and addressed the class. Aristotle: Good Morning Student! Students: Good Morning Professor! Aristotle: Like Plato there are many of you that know me and there are those of you that do not. So I will introduce myself to those of you that do not know me. My name is Aristotle. I was a
Although Plato and Aristotle lived during the same time period, both philosophers developed two divergent theories of knowledge.
Plato, a student of Socrates, followed in his teachings. After returning to Athens, he founded The Academy, considered by some to be the world’s first university. In Plato’s philosophy the human soul has three parts: intellect, spirit, and appetite. He felt that these three aspects interacted to determine human behavior. He urged that intellect be trained to control spirit and appetite.
... not only to listen to the ideas of others, but to make a judgment about those ideas after they have been heard. In offering the judgment of the philospher's good life being the best one, Plato enticed his readers to attend his academy, one goal of his book. The ultimate idea of the passage, and indeed the book as a whole, is to for one to keep an open mind to hear the opinions of others, and for one to divulge one's own opinions for the betterment of society. After these opinions have been heard, thought through, and fully realized, individuals have the capacity to make decisions for the good of themselves and those around them. When these intellectual, spiritual decisions are made correctly, human beings can begin to live the good life.
Plato believes there is two types of worlds that are of knowledge and opinion. As he understands, what is an every lasting reality is a true knowledge, which is the heart of what needs to be understood and everything people need to know. As he says for opinion, it will be only successful some times, as knowledge will always be right and successful at all times when implemented. An opinion for him has no base on true knowledge, but pure people’s speculations of their points of views. A true knowledge will never be influenced by any changes and it cannot be affected by anything; it will stand alone without changing. In Plato’s argument of how men will acquire knowledge in life, he says that knowledge resides in men’s immortal soul prior to his birth; this is how men will first encounter what he calls the “Forms” in that
Still innocent and so naïve, the common human consciousness slowly began to raise itself, giving birth thereat to great men, who will forever remain in the hearts of the “consecrated”. One of those great men was Plato.
Plato believes the soul is an immortal separate entity that is entrapped in the body until one dies. The soul is what possess knowledge and remembers what was known from previous lifetimes. He illustrates this with the story of Socrates and the slave boy. With this, he showed that while the slave boy was an unschooled individual, he was still able to solve the problem of doubling a square. Plato attributes this accomplishment to the soul as remembering a previous encounter with an eternal knowledge.
In this paper, I will explain and critique Plato’s view of reality. I will argue that Plato’s argument is problematic because it fall’s victim to numerous fallacies, the most famous of course being the third man problem. First I will explain a problem in Plato’s theory. Finally I will suggest an alternative to Plato’s theory. This issue is important because the question of reality has plagued philosophy since its beginning, which many people feel has still never been satisfactorily answered.
He wrote many dialogues, and one of them includes his famous dialogue called “Allegory of the Cave.” This dialogue explained how we were born into being very naïve people about our surroundings and taking things for granted, but eventually with the right education we grow to be philosophers that know the Form of Good. Society closes our eyes and whispers things to us in our ears and we believe it, in order to break free we need to educate ourselves into being more knowledgeable about our surroundings. We need to analyze even the smallest things, nothing is to be taken for granted because everything is more complex than what it seems (Plato, p. 26). Plato also states in his idea of self, the soul, that the soul is composed of three parts, our desires, the conscious awareness of reason and the spirited part which gets angry at injustice (Plato, p.40). His allegory and this idea about the parts of the soul connect with each other and might as well lead us to understanding what his idea truly means. Like the first argument, we could say that because our souls is what makes us alive, we are aware of the life we live, therefore we become philosophers only when we do not forget where we came from. This though, sounds contradicting to itself if we take the second argument in hand. If our soul is our life and our body is what carries it, than our ability to become philosophers depends solely on our ability to remove our soul from the body in