1. Introduction
Cassia auriculata L. (CA) is profoundly used as a tonic, astringent, anti-diabetic, conjunctivitis and opthalmia in Ayurvedic medicine (Subhadradevi et al., 2011). It is one of the principle constituent of Avaarai panchaga chooranam; an Indian herbal formulation used in the treatment of diabetes to control the blood sugar level (Berman et al., 2001). Cassia species, are rich sources of polyphenols, anthraquinone derviatives, flavanoids, polysaccrides, saponins, tannins and steroids (Singh et al., 1980; Yen et al., 1998; Ayo et al., 2004), flavanoids, sterols/terpenoids and phenolic acids are known to be antidiabetic bioactive principles. Flavanoids are known to regenerate the damaged β cells in alloxan induced diabetic rats (Yasir M et al., 2012).
Diabetes mellitus, caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin or its function, lead to number of complications, it is emerging as the factor responsible for chronic disability and even death. Most of the secondary failures are observed with monotherapy and devastating long term consequence of poor glycemic control. Also it is always beneficial to switch over the patient on combination therapy. A reasonable goal of treatment is to maintain good glycemic control through combination therapy to keep the blood glucose level to near normal to particular patient. (Kuchake V. G, et al. 2009).
The first choice of biguanide for the recently diagnosed diabetic patients is MT (MT). It acts by reducing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity. Studies have suggested that administration of MT with phytoconstituents / herbal products presumably enhanced therapeutic effects (Dey et al., 2002), however sufficient data is lacking with respect to their p...
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...rmTech Research. 1 (1), 50-61.
Mukherjee, et al. (2006) Lead from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials. Journal of Ethanopharmacology, 106 p.1-28.
Singh J, et al. (1980). Anthraquinone and flavonoids of Cassia laevigata roots. Phytochemistry. 19 (6), 1253-1254.
Subhadradevi V, et al. (2011). Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Cassia auriculata linn. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 46 (4), 513-518.
Yasir M, etal, (2012). Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Effects of Different Extracts and Combinations of Withania coagulans Dunal and Acacia arabica Lamk in Normal and Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats.Pharmacognosy Communications. 2 (2), 61-66.
Yen GC, etal. (1998). Extraction and Identification of an Antioxidative Component from Jue Ming Zi (Cassia tora L.). Journal of Agriculture and food chemistry. 46 (3), 820-824.
* Aloe vera plant has been found to be favorable in the treatment of diabetes; it lowers glucose levels in the blood.
Lindberg, D. (n.d.). Herbal Medicine: MedlinePlus. U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/herbal
The incidence of Type 2 diabetes is growing rapidly. There were approximately 2.4 million type 2 diabetics in Canada in 2008/09 (Public Health Agency of Canada [PHAC], 2011), and another 5 million Canadians over the age of 20 with prediabetes in 2004(PHAC, 2011). It is upon this group with prediabetes that this paper will focus. Prediabetes has been defined by the American Diabetes Association as blood glucose levels which are above the normal range but do not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes (The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetic Association, 2003). While the World Health Organization (World Health Organization [WHO], 2006) uses different cut offs for both impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) the definition remains the same. That is that prediabetes is the state which lies between normal values and those which meet the criterion of a diagnosis of diabetes. While these two definitions differ in some aspects there is general agreement (Lindstrom et al., 2006; Norris et al., 2005; Pan et al., 1997) that it is in this stage of the disease that type 2 diabetes can be reversed. Multiple studies have demonstrated the reversal of a prediabetic state to a normoglyceamic state (Norris et al., 2005). This prediabetic state can precede type 2 diabetes itself by years. It is on this we can focus our attention and effort in to stem the tide of diabetes. This prediabetic state has been shown to be susceptible to several interventions- exercise and diet as well as pharmacological measures. Key amongst these various interventions is the control of the hyperglycemic state and increased sensitization of cells to glucose and pr...
As caregivers for our animals, we can look to them as our guides as we become more and more familiar with using herbal medicine. Even though the past century has muted humans symbiotic relationship with nature, for animals, that relationship remains intact and innate. Animals and plants have coexisted for a millennia and whole plant medicine is the simplest way to achieve effective healing for the many aliments that effect our animals each day with little or no side effects.
Type II diabetes is a condition where the body does not know the way to utilize insulin (1). Rather the sugar stays in the blood longer (1). The conventional treatment of Type II Diabetes is taking medications that would control blood glucose levels along with dieting and exercise. There are unconventional agents for treating Type II Diabetes, but the main one is Cinnamon. With this substance, there may be hidden health benefits like an antioxidant, reducing inflammation, antimicrobial agent, and relieving stomach issues (1). The big benefit of Cinnamon is it can have a benefit regarding blood sugar, lipid levels, and body composition (1).
There is a large body of research into herbal medicines. Great progress has been made in the isolation and identification of the constituents of medicinal plants using high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Research to identify the main active components is carried out either in a search for new drugs or to enable claims to be made for proprietary herbal preparations. Medicinal plants have been generally shown to have not one but a combination of active principles. Once these principles are found, the next step is learning how to synthesize it
Diabetes affects 18.2 million people in the United States. It is often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus and described as, “… a metabolic disease in which the person has high blood sugar …” (Collazo- Clavell et all. 2009), either because the insulin is inadequate or the body’s cells don’t respond well to the insulin. The health and economic consequences of diabetes are considerable. The majority of people that have diabetes live in low and middle income countries, where the prevalence of the disease is high. There are three types of diabetes that are called type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Although diabetes is a disorder, it can lead to other diseases such as heart attack, kidney failure or death. A person that has diabetes has to maintain a healthy lifestyle, by eating the right diet, controlling their blood sugar level, and be optimistic.
... antioxidant is effective for all stages (Jaswir et al. 2004). A combination of antioxidants in which the antioxidants produce a synergistic effect may be successful in inhibiting the lipid peroxidation. Recently, most of the studies have been focused on the antioxidant activity of the leaves crude extract and their individual polyphenols, only few studies have investigated the interaction of leaves crude extraction with other common antioxidants including α-tocopherol. Moreover, to date, there has been no scientific report of interaction between Aquilaria crassna young leaves crude extract and α-tocopherol. Therefore, in present study, agarwood leaves (Aquilaria crassna) crude extract are combined with α-tocopherol to investigate their antioxidant interaction against lipid peroxidation and to evaluate if the interaction promotes a synergistic antioxidant effect.
Glucose is a sugar that plays a big part in a human’s health and well-being. This sugar is a major source of energy for the body’s brain and cells. The Cells that receive energy from glucose help in the building of the body’s muscle and tissue. Although glucose may be important to the body too much of this sugar can cause a chronic condition called Diabetes. Diabetes, also known as Diabetes mellitus, is a chronic condition that is caused by too much sugar in the blood. This condition can affect all age groups. In fact, in 2010 a survey was taken by the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, on the number of newly diagnosed diabetes. Out of 1,907,000 people: 24.38% were ages 20-44, 55.17% were ages 45-64, and 20.45% were ages 65 and greater. Diabetes is a very serious condition, and it can be deadly if left untreated. This paper will help better educate the reader on the signs and symptoms, the testing process, and the management of diabetes.
The first group ratsserve as normal control and received only 5% CMC(purified grade) orally. Theother four groupswere administered with a single intraperitonealinjection of a freshly prepared solution of Triton-WR 1339 (400 mg/kg),dissolved in normal saline to an overnight fasting (for 18hr) rats.After 72 hours of triton injection, respective treatments were given once daily to all the animals.Second and third groups serve as a positiveand standard control,received 5% CMC and atorvastatin (40mg/kg) respectively.Fourth and fifth grouprats,were supplemented with ethanolic and aqueous extractsof Cinnamon bark (CZEE and CZAE 500mg/kg of each) as shown in Table-1. Both the standard and cinnamon extracts were suspended in 5% CMC solution and were administered orally for seven days, after inducing hyperlipidemia.
Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify the molecular structure of chemical constituents of commonly used botanicals and to investigate the relationship of botanical supplements to liver toxicity.
Medicinal plants have been used extensively as sources for numerous active constituents for treating human diseases and for its therapeutic value (Nostro et al., 2000). The use of plants in treating ailments has been known for thousands of years through the empirical knowledge gathered about the usefulness and harmful properties of different plants and by intuition. Many of these indigenous plants are used as food plants, added to food meant for pregnant women and nursing mothers for medicinal purposes (Edeoga, 2005). Hence it is very important to scientifically understand the chemical composition and bioactive constituent and the biological activity of the different plant part with regards to their usage in both orthodox and primary health care.
Herbs are plants that have acquired some inherent value to humans (Keller, xiii). Three values that are relevant to this report are edibility, medicinal property, and toxicity. All plants have the potential to fall into the one or all of these categories.
...Medical nutrition therapy is essential for the treatment of diabetes; however, monitoring of a dietitian is empirical. As we could see, there is overwhelming evidence that shows that diabetes can be preventable, managed and sometimes reversed through activity and diet changes. Current research results, show significant results in the prevention and treatment when is maintain on a regular basis for all types of diabetes. Since complementary alternative medicine consumption is on the rise, it is desirable to improve our knowledge concerning their potential effects and adverse effects, especially in conjunction with prescription medication. Given the complexity of pharmaceutics in patients with chronic diseases, among them patients with Diabetes Mellitus, the use of supplementary medicine cannot be ignored if it can be prevented and treated with simple food and exercise.
... herbal drugs. Their application is grounded either on traditional medicine or on modern-day scientific research findings. Many medicinal plants are employed as self-medications or are used upon the recommendation of a physician or pharmacist. They are employed both independently and/or in combination as complementary medicines to synthetic drugs. It is imperative for an adequate and successfully applied therapy that an accurate early diagnosis is made of the illness along with selection of the appropriate pharmacological effects associated with the specific herbal components (10).