Nanoporous Inorganic Solids A porous inorganic material is one which does not have pores and voids through and through. The voids show a translational repetition in 3-D space, while no regularity is necessary for a material to be termed “porous.” A typical and relatively simple porous system is one type of dispersion classically described in colloid science, namely foam or, better, solid foam (M. Jaroniec, 2002). In correlation with this, the most common way to think about a porous material is as a material with gas-solid interfaces as the most dominant characteristic. This already indicates that classical colloid and interface science as the creation of interfaces due to nucleation phenomena. Decreasing interface energy, and stabilization of interfaces is of elemental importance in the formation process of nanoporous materials. These factors are often omitted because the final products are stable. Indeed, they are just metastable. This metastability is due to the rigid character of the void-surrounding network, which is covalently cross-linked in most cases. However, it should be noticed that most of the porous materials reported in the literature or those that are of high technical relevance are not stable by thermodynamic means (F. Rodríguez-Reinoso, 2002). As soon as kinetic energy boundaries are overcome, materials start to break down. One example should elucidate this. Porous silica, for instance, is just metastable. As soon as the temperature is raised and the melting point is reached, primary particles in the network begin to fuse and it comes to phase separation into a nonporous silica phase. Finally, at very high temperatures, the thermodynamic stable phase of SiO2 quartz emerges. Control over interface energy and me... ... middle of paper ... ...cent properties. This review tries to specify nanoporous materials according to these criteria. There might be even more criteria, such as shape of pores, etc. which are not explicitly taken into account in this paper. In concluding, nanoporous inorganic chemistry is an important topic that scientists and everyone else need to put into consideration. Works Cited C. Bréchignac, P. H. (2008). Nanomaterials and Nanochemistry. New York: Springer. F. Rodríguez-Reinoso, B. M. (2002). Characterization of Porous Solids VI: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on the Characterization of Porous Solids. london: Elsevier. M. Jaroniec, A. S. (2002). Nanoporous Materials III. London: Elsevier. T.J. Pinnavaia, M. J. (2000). Nanoporous Materials II. London: Elsevier. Yang, P. (2003). The Chemistry of Nanostructured Materials. Chicago: World Scientific.
Dai, X., Reading, M., & Craig, D.Q.M. (2008). Mapping Amorphous Material on a Partially Crystalline Surface: Nanothermal Analysis for Simultaneous Characterisation and Imaging of Lactose Compacts. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 98, 1499–1510.
Paragraph 1: Compare and Contrast the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of Quartz α-FePO4 and β-FePO4. The research paper discusses the inversion of quartz type FePO4 from α-FePO4 to β-FePO4 along the temperature range 294K to 1073K. We first take a look at the difference in lattice and space symmetry between the 2 polymorphs, α-FePO4 and β-FePO4.
This is related to the blending of the fluids and rocks of the reservoir. Skeletal properties of interest to reservoir engineers include porosity, pore size distribution, compressibility, and absolute permeability of the rod. Interaction or dynamic properties of reservoir rocks are affected by the nature and by its interaction with present fluids, as...
Grain size refers to a diameter of an individual particle and grain shape refers to the roundness or how close the shape is to a sphere. Navajo’s grain size averages at 0.2 millimeters in diameter and grain shape is well rounded and well sorted. Pottsville grain size averages at 3.81 centimeters in diameter and it is also well rounded, but it is not well sorted. Porosity is a measure (using meters) of how much empty space is in a rock and permeability is the measure (using Darcy) of ease in which liquid can move through a rock. Navajo’s porosity varies from 1.2% to 15% and the permeability ranges from 0.06md to 54md. Pottsville’s porosity varies from 11% to 15% and the permeability
The molar specific heats of most solids at room temperature and above are nearly constant, in agreement with the Law of Dulong and Petit. At lower temperatures the specific heats drop as quantum processes become significant. The Einstein-Debye model of specific heat describes the low temperature behavior.
Choi, C. H. (2013). Synthesis of colloidal metal oxide nanocrystals and nanostructured surfaces using a continuous flow microreactor system and their applications in two-phase boiling heat transfer.
Polman, H., Orobio De Castro, B. & Van Aken, M. A.G. (2008). Experimental Study of the
Thickett, Geoffrey. Chemistry 2: HSC course. N/A ed. Vol. 1. Milton: John Wiley & Sons Australia, 2006. 94-108. 1 vols. Print.
BACKGROUND Types of Silica Crystalline silica may be of several distinct types. Quartz, a form of silica and the most common mineral in the earth's crust, is associated with many types of rock. Other types of silica include cristobalite and tridymite. Potential for Exposure During Construction Concrete and masonry products contain silica, sand and rock containing silica. Since these products are primary materials for construction, construction workers may be easily exposed to respirable crystalline silica during activities such as the following: Chipping, hammering, and drilling of rock Crushing, loading, hauling, and dumping of rock   high dust concentrations.
The ionic bonds give KNO3 high melting and boiling temperatures. In the case of KNO3, ionic bonds are present, which are strong and hard to break under room temperature; I believe that this may have an impact on the solubility of KNO3 at low temperatures, where there is very little energy present to break these bonds. Particles move faster and collide with a greater energy output. A greater proportion of these particles now have enough energy to react.
Since the days of Aristotle, all substances have been classified into one of three physical states. A substance having a fixed volume and shape is a solid. A substance, which has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape, is a liquid; liquids assume the shape of their container but do not necessarily fill it. A substance having neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume is a gas; gases assume both the shape and the volume of their container. The structures of gases, and their behavior, are simpler than the structures and behavior of the two condensed phases, the solids and the liquids
Effect on Dielectric property of rocks and presence of water in the pores of rock.
The term porphyry simply refers to the two distinctly different grain sizes present in an igneous rock. The larger crystals are called phenocrysts and the finer crystals are the groundmass. The groundmass can be rhyolite, andesite, or basalt and even, rarely, granite. The phenocrysts are often feldspar crystals or hornblende crystals.
Solids, liquids, and gases are the three main, or fundamental phases of matter. Each one has a different density and a different level of stability. What determines the stability of each phase is the bond between it's atoms. The tighter the bond between it's atoms the more stable that phase of matter is. Solids are the most stable form of matter, followed by liquids, and then gases.
[e-book] RAPS Consulting & Nano Energy,prepared for SECCP, Earthlife Africa Johannesburg. Available from: http://projects.gibb.co.za/Portals/3/projects/201002%20Nuclear%201/Appendix%20D%20Public%20Participation/App%20D8/potential%20of%20RE%20in%20SA%20Feb06.pdf [Accessed 7 April 2014]