Muhammad Iqbal is one of the greatest and perhaps one of the most influential Muslims of the twentieth century. He is considered to have made a great contribution in Urdu literature where he made his literary work both in Urdu and Persian language. Because of his strong faith in Islam people often nicknamed his as “shaere- mashriq” which means the prophet of the east (the express tribune). Iqbals poetry and statements teaches people selflessness and to look at things in a religious and spiritual perspective. This research paper will analyze his works as well as his contributions in poetry.
Iqbal was born on Nov.9.1877 in Sialkot Punjab, British India. He died at age 60 on April 21 1938 in Lahore Punjab, British India. His father sheikh Nur Muhammad and his wife imam bibi were devoted Muslims and made sure that there 5 children follow their path to Islam (iqbalians). Muhammad Iqbal strong faith in Islam came from his childhood, and his strong faith really affected his style of poetry. His government recognized Allama Muhammad Iqbal as a “classical poet”. In 1889 he received his masters degree from the government college. (Aslan, 626). According to the book Tablet And Pen by Reza Aslan “7,000 verses out of 12,000 were written in Persian” (626) His first collection of poetry published in Persian is called Asrar-e-Khudi (meaning secrets of the self) and Rumuz- e- Bekhudi (hints of selflessness) (poem hunter). The significant events that affected his writings were the political events going on in his time. Muhammad was also involved in a Muslim League; he opposed the Indian involvement in World War 1. Iqbal wasn’t only known for his poetry but also known for his strong opinion towards politics.
Most of Iqbals poetry was written in a...
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... and dull and God is the one who completes and brightens our day.
It is evident that Iqbal will forever be remembered for his great contributions both in poetry and in politics.
Work citied:
Web:
"Shair-e-Mashriq: Allama Iqbal's 75th Death Anniversary." The Express Tribune ShaireMashriq Allama Iqbals 75th Death Anniversary Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014.
"Life Sketch of Allama Iqbal (Courtesy Iqbalians.com)." Life Sketch of Allama Iqbal (Courtesy Iqbalians.com). N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.
"Biography Of Allama Muhammad Iqbal." Poemhunter. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
Book:
Aslan, Reza. "Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938)." Tablet & Pen: Literary Landscapes from the Modern Middle East. New York: W. W. Norton &, 2011. N. pag. Print.
"Iqbal, Muhammad." Compton's Encyclopedia & Fact Index. Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica, 2005. 312. Print.
Ibn Munqidh, Usama. "From Memoirs." McNeill, William and Marilyn Robinson Waldman. The Islamic World. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1973. 184-206.
Joyce, James. “Araby”. The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. Eds. R.V. Cassill and Richard Bausch. Shorter Sixth Edition. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2000. 427 - 431.
Moosa, Matti. The Early Novels of Naguib Mahfouz. Gainsville, Fla.: University Press of Florida, 1994. [+] These quotes are taken from an uncited handout given to me by Richard Sutliff that I believe to be from Moosa's book.
Ahmedi, Farah, Mir Tamim. Ansary, and Farah Ahmedi. The Other Side of the Sky: A Memoir. New York: Simon Spotlight Entertainment, 2005. Print.
Hilāl, ʻAlī Al-Dīn. Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World. New York, NY: Praeger, 1982. Print.
Walt Whitman’s hard childhood influenced his work greatly, he was an uneducated man but he managed to become one of the most known poets. Whitman changed poetry through his work and is now often called the father of free verse. Especially through Leaves of Grass he expressed his feelings and sexuality to world and was proud of it. He had a different view at life, his hard childhood, and his sexuality that almost no one understood made him introduce a new universal theme to the world. Almost all critics agree that Walt Whitman was one of the most influential and innovative poet. Karl Shapiro says it best, “The movement of his verses is the sweeping movement of great currents of living people with general government and state”.
Lewis, Bernard. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years. New York: Scribner,
Joyce, James. “Araby.” The Norton Introduction to Literature, Shorter Eighth Edition. Eds. Jerome Beaty, Alison Booth, J. Paul Hunter, and Kelly J. Mays. New York: W.W.Norton.
Rushdie, Salman. `Outside the Whale' Imaginary Homelands: Essays and criticisms 1981-1991 Penguin Books Ltd. (1992)
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